If you are occupied in changing tyres often or if you run a business wherein your staff provides this service to your customers, you soccer jerseys
would do well to invest in the tyre machine. As newer technologies are introduced one place to another easily. It will give you superb value for your money if you decide to invest in one. It doesn't require much space and gives yogolf clubsu great performance. These various tyre machine types facilitate easy mounting and dismounting of wheels without rupturing or scratching the wheel base. Once the wheel is fitted, you can get the ideal wheel balancing and alignment so that your vehicle enjoys the best grip while on the road. Never before was tyre changing or wheel repairing so simple!
each day, you will find that the varioubrian urlacher jersey
s types of wheels get introduced, growing in size as well as different in shape. These sophisticated designs make it very difficult for the worker to mount and dismount the wheels in order to replace the tyres. That is where the tyre changers come into the picture.The tyre machine for professional use is normally a machine which is heavy duty and helps in repairing the wheels. This equipment is completely automated and comes in 24", 26" and 30" sizes.The completely automated 24" tyre changers are made up of a huge body with a clamping ability of 22" on the inside and 24.5" on the outside. The RAV 500 model has a weighty structure besides a professional gearbox. The designer has planned it in such a way that the working with wheels is made much easier even under the most difficult of circumstances. Given that it comes with an exceptional tool for mounting, a normal steel mounting head besides a polyurethane tool, the RAV 500 provides an overall safety to the alloy wheels and rims. These tyre changers allow you to chang ac milan jersey
e the wheel by safeguarding the life of the tool as well. With the help of a tyre machine, all kinds of repair work on wheels can be done with the least of effort and inconvenience. These machines are strongly built and assist in repairing the most complicated of wheels. Besides, it even helps putting together the pedal which comes in the form of press cast aluminium. The design of the pedal assembly is such that it facilitates the removing of this main unit of the wheel and makes servicing the wheel a piece of cake.The 26" tyre changers are also fully automated and made up of a huge outer capacity of 28.5" while its inner capacity is 26". It has most of the abilities and features that other similar machines available in the market have. Besides, you find that it has a finger tip control which allows you to mount and dismount the wheels without running into any problems. Besides, the RAV 700 is blessed with an integrated safeguard for the allow wheels or rims. It has an adjustment for rotating the allow wheels through a particular angle. The mounting head provides easy mounting and dismounting of the wheels.The 30" tyre changers come equipped with a couple of automatic touch tools which helps operate the beads up and down thus making the procedure of mounting and dismounting the wheel a lot easier.The latest tyre machine introduced has a completely automated wheel balancer and comes with an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) display that helps you optimize devin hester jersey
the tyre rim. Another great advantage of the tyre changers is that they are portable so you can carry them from
Showing posts with label cheap nfl jerseys. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cheap nfl jerseys. Show all posts
Tuesday, 19 October 2010
Use a Tyre Machine to Change Tyres Easily
If you are occupied in changing tyres often or if you run a business wherein your staff provides this service to your customers, you soccer jerseys
would do well to invest in the tyre machine. As newer technologies are introduced one place to another easily. It will give you superb value for your money if you decide to invest in one. It doesn't require much space and gives yogolf clubsu great performance. These various tyre machine types facilitate easy mounting and dismounting of wheels without rupturing or scratching the wheel base. Once the wheel is fitted, you can get the ideal wheel balancing and alignment so that your vehicle enjoys the best grip while on the road. Never before was tyre changing or wheel repairing so simple!
each day, you will find that the varioubrian urlacher jersey
s types of wheels get introduced, growing in size as well as different in shape. These sophisticated designs make it very difficult for the worker to mount and dismount the wheels in order to replace the tyres. That is where the tyre changers come into the picture.The tyre machine for professional use is normally a machine which is heavy duty and helps in repairing the wheels. This equipment is completely automated and comes in 24", 26" and 30" sizes.The completely automated 24" tyre changers are made up of a huge body with a clamping ability of 22" on the inside and 24.5" on the outside. The RAV 500 model has a weighty structure besides a professional gearbox. The designer has planned it in such a way that the working with wheels is made much easier even under the most difficult of circumstances. Given that it comes with an exceptional tool for mounting, a normal steel mounting head besides a polyurethane tool, the RAV 500 provides an overall safety to the alloy wheels and rims. These tyre changers allow you to chang ac milan jersey
e the wheel by safeguarding the life of the tool as well. With the help of a tyre machine, all kinds of repair work on wheels can be done with the least of effort and inconvenience. These machines are strongly built and assist in repairing the most complicated of wheels. Besides, it even helps putting together the pedal which comes in the form of press cast aluminium. The design of the pedal assembly is such that it facilitates the removing of this main unit of the wheel and makes servicing the wheel a piece of cake.The 26" tyre changers are also fully automated and made up of a huge outer capacity of 28.5" while its inner capacity is 26". It has most of the abilities and features that other similar machines available in the market have. Besides, you find that it has a finger tip control which allows you to mount and dismount the wheels without running into any problems. Besides, the RAV 700 is blessed with an integrated safeguard for the allow wheels or rims. It has an adjustment for rotating the allow wheels through a particular angle. The mounting head provides easy mounting and dismounting of the wheels.The 30" tyre changers come equipped with a couple of automatic touch tools which helps operate the beads up and down thus making the procedure of mounting and dismounting the wheel a lot easier.The latest tyre machine introduced has a completely automated wheel balancer and comes with an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) display that helps you optimize devin hester jersey
the tyre rim. Another great advantage of the tyre changers is that they are portable so you can carry them from
would do well to invest in the tyre machine. As newer technologies are introduced one place to another easily. It will give you superb value for your money if you decide to invest in one. It doesn't require much space and gives yogolf clubsu great performance. These various tyre machine types facilitate easy mounting and dismounting of wheels without rupturing or scratching the wheel base. Once the wheel is fitted, you can get the ideal wheel balancing and alignment so that your vehicle enjoys the best grip while on the road. Never before was tyre changing or wheel repairing so simple!
each day, you will find that the varioubrian urlacher jersey
s types of wheels get introduced, growing in size as well as different in shape. These sophisticated designs make it very difficult for the worker to mount and dismount the wheels in order to replace the tyres. That is where the tyre changers come into the picture.The tyre machine for professional use is normally a machine which is heavy duty and helps in repairing the wheels. This equipment is completely automated and comes in 24", 26" and 30" sizes.The completely automated 24" tyre changers are made up of a huge body with a clamping ability of 22" on the inside and 24.5" on the outside. The RAV 500 model has a weighty structure besides a professional gearbox. The designer has planned it in such a way that the working with wheels is made much easier even under the most difficult of circumstances. Given that it comes with an exceptional tool for mounting, a normal steel mounting head besides a polyurethane tool, the RAV 500 provides an overall safety to the alloy wheels and rims. These tyre changers allow you to chang ac milan jersey
e the wheel by safeguarding the life of the tool as well. With the help of a tyre machine, all kinds of repair work on wheels can be done with the least of effort and inconvenience. These machines are strongly built and assist in repairing the most complicated of wheels. Besides, it even helps putting together the pedal which comes in the form of press cast aluminium. The design of the pedal assembly is such that it facilitates the removing of this main unit of the wheel and makes servicing the wheel a piece of cake.The 26" tyre changers are also fully automated and made up of a huge outer capacity of 28.5" while its inner capacity is 26". It has most of the abilities and features that other similar machines available in the market have. Besides, you find that it has a finger tip control which allows you to mount and dismount the wheels without running into any problems. Besides, the RAV 700 is blessed with an integrated safeguard for the allow wheels or rims. It has an adjustment for rotating the allow wheels through a particular angle. The mounting head provides easy mounting and dismounting of the wheels.The 30" tyre changers come equipped with a couple of automatic touch tools which helps operate the beads up and down thus making the procedure of mounting and dismounting the wheel a lot easier.The latest tyre machine introduced has a completely automated wheel balancer and comes with an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) display that helps you optimize devin hester jersey
the tyre rim. Another great advantage of the tyre changers is that they are portable so you can carry them from
Ford Focus Headlight
Ford has a very rich history and they are taking care of their reputation in a very efficient way. There is a saying Ford is tough it show a real testament to all the hard work and dedication that is put in its making and put into dr soccer jerseys
amatically increase night driving vision for all automotive drivers. Ford Focus?xenon come with two xenon bulbs, two ballasts, and wiring necessary. The bulbs are filled with xenon gas, hence the name Xenon bulbs. These bulbs regolf clubsact to electrical current and when ignited emit a more luminous light. Ford Focus HID Kit also come with two ballasts. The ballasts are considered power houses for the bulbs, the regulate the electrical current and allow the xenon bulbs to receive a surge of electricity when first turning on, and then a lower steady current once they have ignited completely. Ford Focus HID Kit are definitely the number one upgrade that should be on every ones list. The safety that it promotes is unbeatable when it comes to automotive lighting. It is definitely the weave of the future for night driving. HID Kit is a complete plug and play system for fords. With Ford Fo Steelers jersey
cus HID lights you will never feel alone on any remote road as these lights will guide you to your destination with the greatest ease and comfort.? Do not ever take any risk on your beloved family’s safety, and go for the Ford Focus Xenon upgrade.?Ford Focus Headlights
producing quality vehicles since its inception. But company fitted equipment won’t make your Ford Focus different than any other Ford Focus on the road. Now what to do? It’s the time to do some extra work yourself and replace the ordinary halogen lights with our fantastic line of Ford Focus HID xenon lights. The best thing is that these Ford Focus HID lights are simple to install and easy to afford. It is time to move forward with your life and switch to HID so that your car looks much better and performs even walter payton jersey
better than before. New Ford Focus bulbs are important to your driving success because they allow you to have total command of where you are going. When you are driving, it's tough to see the road completely if one of your headlights is burnt out. That's why not only does it look a little tacky to drive with one headlight, it's important for safety reasons to get new Ford Focus OEM replacement headlight bulbs as soon as they go out. Drivers should also consider the Ford Focus upgraded HID kits to really take advantage of the new lighting technology you're starting to see on more and more cars. The Ford Focus HID conversion kit comes with everything you need to get your shining bright and looking trendy. HID bulbs are now a day’s easy to find the online market is very efficient have you can easily find the lights of your choice and the ones that can be installed in your car. Ford Focus halogen lights are what most of your cars are equipped with and we've got those in stock too. If you've decided to go with an upgraded Ford Focus Xenon Headlights matt forte jersey
then nothing is difficult just logon to internet and search HID xenon lights for Ford Focus. Ford Focus HID Kits
amatically increase night driving vision for all automotive drivers. Ford Focus?xenon come with two xenon bulbs, two ballasts, and wiring necessary. The bulbs are filled with xenon gas, hence the name Xenon bulbs. These bulbs regolf clubsact to electrical current and when ignited emit a more luminous light. Ford Focus HID Kit also come with two ballasts. The ballasts are considered power houses for the bulbs, the regulate the electrical current and allow the xenon bulbs to receive a surge of electricity when first turning on, and then a lower steady current once they have ignited completely. Ford Focus HID Kit are definitely the number one upgrade that should be on every ones list. The safety that it promotes is unbeatable when it comes to automotive lighting. It is definitely the weave of the future for night driving. HID Kit is a complete plug and play system for fords. With Ford Fo Steelers jersey
cus HID lights you will never feel alone on any remote road as these lights will guide you to your destination with the greatest ease and comfort.? Do not ever take any risk on your beloved family’s safety, and go for the Ford Focus Xenon upgrade.?Ford Focus Headlights
producing quality vehicles since its inception. But company fitted equipment won’t make your Ford Focus different than any other Ford Focus on the road. Now what to do? It’s the time to do some extra work yourself and replace the ordinary halogen lights with our fantastic line of Ford Focus HID xenon lights. The best thing is that these Ford Focus HID lights are simple to install and easy to afford. It is time to move forward with your life and switch to HID so that your car looks much better and performs even walter payton jersey
better than before. New Ford Focus bulbs are important to your driving success because they allow you to have total command of where you are going. When you are driving, it's tough to see the road completely if one of your headlights is burnt out. That's why not only does it look a little tacky to drive with one headlight, it's important for safety reasons to get new Ford Focus OEM replacement headlight bulbs as soon as they go out. Drivers should also consider the Ford Focus upgraded HID kits to really take advantage of the new lighting technology you're starting to see on more and more cars. The Ford Focus HID conversion kit comes with everything you need to get your shining bright and looking trendy. HID bulbs are now a day’s easy to find the online market is very efficient have you can easily find the lights of your choice and the ones that can be installed in your car. Ford Focus halogen lights are what most of your cars are equipped with and we've got those in stock too. If you've decided to go with an upgraded Ford Focus Xenon Headlights matt forte jersey
then nothing is difficult just logon to internet and search HID xenon lights for Ford Focus. Ford Focus HID Kits
Saturday, 16 October 2010
Do You Know What Boxcar Is
If you have used vehicle transport before, you may have already heard about boxcars. Actually, boxcars run on railways, these cheap nfl jerseys are usually so big that you can load a car inside it. A boxcar is basically a giant box on wheels which the type of vehicle transport that we know today. You also have to consider that there are disadvantages when you use boxcar, one of which is car insurance. Vehicle transport companies provide their customers with marques colston jersey
car insurance so that the customers golf clubswould have a peace of mind while their car is being transported.
It is recommended that you only use boxcars in transporting your car when you are not concerned about the possibility of your car on incurring damages such as scratches. This is due to the reason that when your car gets damages, you will be the one who will shoulder the repair because there is no car insurance in the first place. carries not only cars but also different kinds of loads.
During the early times, ac milan shirt
boxcars are the means of which people transport a lot of stuff but because of the technological advancements and innovations of today's time, boxcars' popularity has diminished. Today, obsolete boxcars can still be seen on museums but this does not mean that you can no longer avail the services that boxcars have to provide; because they are still on the transport scene.
So the next time that you need a vehicletony romo jersey
transport service, you might want to try boxcars. If you are concerned about the high vehicle shipping rates that other vehicle transport companies offer, you should definitely go with boxcars since it is more cost-efficient to transport a car and other stuff.
But you have to bear in mind that transporting your vehicle using a boxcar is very different from
car insurance so that the customers golf clubswould have a peace of mind while their car is being transported.
It is recommended that you only use boxcars in transporting your car when you are not concerned about the possibility of your car on incurring damages such as scratches. This is due to the reason that when your car gets damages, you will be the one who will shoulder the repair because there is no car insurance in the first place. carries not only cars but also different kinds of loads.
During the early times, ac milan shirt
boxcars are the means of which people transport a lot of stuff but because of the technological advancements and innovations of today's time, boxcars' popularity has diminished. Today, obsolete boxcars can still be seen on museums but this does not mean that you can no longer avail the services that boxcars have to provide; because they are still on the transport scene.
So the next time that you need a vehicletony romo jersey
transport service, you might want to try boxcars. If you are concerned about the high vehicle shipping rates that other vehicle transport companies offer, you should definitely go with boxcars since it is more cost-efficient to transport a car and other stuff.
But you have to bear in mind that transporting your vehicle using a boxcar is very different from
Friday, 15 October 2010
Big Bazaar: The Brand Building Challenge
"We have a store opening virtually every fortnight; I have lost count now of how many I have opened."Kishore Biyani
Big Bazaar: Brand's Identity, Personcheap nfl jerseys ality & Symbolism
Big Bazaar is Indian personification of retail. It's like an Indian bazaar or mandi ?
Present years are the high growth years in retail sphere as market has high potential to sustain growth. The sales are increasing, more and more firms are coming to market, foreign players are entering into retail sector, and pie of organized retail is increasing in retail sector.The factors that shaped the brand during its life cycle are: -Influence of Sarvana Stores Located in Theyagraya Nagar, ChennaiMany people think that Big Bazaar was inspired by Wall-Mart but the truth is that Kishore Biyani and his team members are neither inspired by US ways of doing retailing nor they have been to US much. The credit for foundation and inspiration goes to Saravana Store, a family-run 25-years-old store, whose philosophy was - low margin, high turnover. In that store, food, groceries, clothes, everything had a separate section. It had around 120 people just to manage crowd. The single shop was doing business of more than INR 200 Crore per year. This shop was the template for Big Bazaar.
Observing Customers RegularlyRegular customer feedback is also an influential factor for the success of Big Bazaar. The Big Bazaar has a separate team that looks for customer's purchasing pattern and how they like or dislike products, how they approach particular products. For example, unlike other stores where the most expensive and catchy item is placed at the front display, Big Bazaar places the "Value for Money" items at check-out points.
Imbibed Entrepreneurial Spirit in OrganizationDecision making power is given to every level of employees at Big Bazaar. Kishore Biyani has given risk-taking power, which led to exposure of entrepreneurial spirit in every employee. Everybody in Big Bazaar operates with speed and confidence when it comes to decision making.
Building on Core ValuesCore values of Indian-ness, valuing and nurturing relationships, and simplicity shaped the brand. Kishore Biyani always believes in long-term relationships, with customers, suppliers and employees. Once thinking about offering gifts to employees close to Diwali, Kishore Biyani suggested giving them wall-paints to keep their house clean. The paint is used in Indian culture to keep house clean and brings freshness. The motive behind this was to keep everything clean and bring freshness in organization.
Strategic Decisions Taken to Build the Big Bazaar Brand
The strategic decisions that lead to building of Big Bazaar were: -
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Real Estate Game
For a retailer, location is one of the most important things. According to Kishore Biyani, real estate cost should be less than 5% of total sales of store in order to provide maximum benefits to customer.
or mela, the environment created by traders to give shoppers a sense of moment. Its personality is of being an entity away from fancy or pretty and being authentically "no-frills". Kishore Biyani never hired any foreign consultant for Big Bazaar which is evident from Indian-specific personality of the brand. The brand's personality is self-explanatory by its tag-line only. This statement places Big Bazaar at the top of customer's mind. It reflects that entrepreneurship and simplicity are the essence of character of Big Bazaar. To use predatory pricing is not in the personality of Big Bazaar, they never sell goods below the price they have purchased it. Big Bazaar, the "Indian Wal-Mart", is the modern Indian family's favorite store. Big Bazaar symbolizes modern retail, the business which isn't looked up to in our country, is now in the eyes of many multi-national biggies. Big Bazaar has shown a robust growth in recent years (.
Demerits of Marketing a Commodity Market
Brands evolve from ‘unbranded commodities' to references, where the name is used for identification. This is also evident from the Goodyear's (1996) chronological brand categorization
There is lack of differentiation if marketing of commodity is done. Commodities and differentiated products are the two ends of the product spectrum. Each unit of a commodity is exactly like every other unit. A product is a commodity when all units of production are identical, regardless of who produces them. Commodities tend to be raw materials like corn, wheat, copper, crude oil, etc. The stone marble is mined and sold by many companies in Rajasthan; it's like an unbranded commodity, where each producer is selling identical product.
People that produce commodities are referred to as "price-takers". This means that an individual producer has no control over his/her price. On the other hand, people who are owners of brands or differentiated products are "price-makers". Producer of a differentiated product creates a separate market for his/her individual product.
Value of Branding
Branding plays a crucial role for all the products and services. A successful brand is an identifiable product or service, and buyers or users perceive values in it which matches their needs.
There are certain advantages of branding. They are: -
? Product dies but a good brand never dies: The first car T-model is no more but the brand 'FORD' is still alive. 'Pears' soap that was launched somewhere in the end of 1800 is still alive although they have changed the product. Even they are looking for line extension but basic brand names are the same.
Sales or market share: A brand generates familiarity and trust, and hence, leads to greater sales. Branded products have an edge over unbranded products.
Premium price: Brands generate trust, a brand manager can charge extra price and people pay for that trust.
Differentiation: Creating a brand is nothing but creating a strong association. This association clearly differentiates the branded product from the rest.According to brand evolution model developed by Kunde (2000) (as the value of brand becomes stronger and more relevant to customers, the brand becomes more involving, and thus, managers need to make their brand values more relevant to increase customer's involvement. This is explained by religion model also. The model distinguishes 5 types of brands: -
Product Brand: Products without any form of added value connected to the generic element.
Concept Brand: Brands that are driven by emotional values - as opposed to product characteristics.
Corporate Concept Brand: Brands that merge with the company and present themselves in a sustained and consistent way.
Brand Culture Brand: Brands that are so strong that they - in the eyes of the consumer - have become equated with the function they represent.
Brand Religion Brand: The ultimate brand position is that of brands that - in the eyes of the consumer - have become a "must", a faith to which they profess.
Big Bazaar: Positioning & Establishment
Big Bazaar has established itself in the first quadrant of Organization Value and Customer Value Matrix (Exhibit 5). The SWOT Analysis (Exhibit 6) of current strategy of Big Bazaar elaborates the core competencies and areas of improvement. The key features that have shaped in establishing of brand includes: -
Big Bazaar ensures that no other kirana store / departmental store are offering considerable discount compared to its own price. This helped Big Bazaar in being the "value for money" store.
Big Bazaar scores high on product mix as compared to kirana store.
Cheap and local products are heavily stocked in Big Bazaar which make it easier to attract lower middle class category of customers.
Promotion of kirana is rare event but Big Bazaar used this channel efficiently to establish itself as national brand. Customer loyalty resulting in high up sell, i.e., selling to existing customers.
Big Bazaar refrains from high-end locations for business which reduces its rental budget and provides competitive advantage over competitors. Kishore Biyani has taken "early movers advantage" in many retail spaces. [removed][removed]
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7P Analysis of Big Bazaar
7P Marketing Mix is more useful for services industries and knowledge intensive industries. Successful marketing depends on number of key issues. The seven keys issues are explained as: -
Product
Big Bazaar offers a wide range of products which range from apparels, food, farm products, furniture, child care, toys, etc. . Products of all the major brands are available at Big Bazaar .Also, there are many in house brands promoted by Big Bazaar. Big Bazaar sold over 300,000 pairs of jeans, 50,000 DVD-players and 25,000 microwave-ovens. In all, the fashion, electronics and travel segments made up about 70% of sales. Last year, these categories made up only about 60%.
Price
The tag-line is "Is se sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi". They work on the model of economics of scale. There pricing objective is to get "Maximum Market Share". The various techniques used at Big Bazaar are: -
Value Pricing (EDLP - Every Day Low Pricing): Big Bazaar promises consumers the lowest available price without coupon clipping, waiting for discount promotions, or comparison shopping.
Promotional Pricing: Big Bazaar offers financing at low interest rate. The concept of psychological discounting (Rs. 99, Rs. 49, etc.) is used as promotional tool. Big Bazaar also caters on Special Event Pricing (Close to Diwali, Gudi Padva, and Durga Pooja).
Differentiated Pricing: Time pricing, i.e., difference in rate based on peak and non-peak hours or days of shopping is also a pricing technique used in Indian retail, which is aggressively used by Big Bazaar.
Bundling: Selling combo-packs and offering discount to customers. The combo-packs add value to customer.
Place
Big Bazaar stores are located in 50 cities with 75 outlets.Big Bazaar has presence in almost all the major Indian cities. They are aggressive on their expansion plans.
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Promotion
Big Bazaar started many new and innovative cross-sell and up-sell strategies in Indian retail market. The various promotion techniques used at Big Bazaar include "saal ke sabse saste teen din", Future Card (the card offers 3% discount), Shakti Card,
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Brand Endorsement by M. S. Dhoni, Exchange Offer - ‘Junk Swap Offer', Point-of-Purchase Promotions.
Advertising has played a crucial role in building of the brand. Big Bazaar advertisements are seen in print media, TV, Radio (FM) and road-side bill-boards.
People
They are one of the key assets for any organization. The salient features of staff of Big Bazaar are: -
Well-trained staff, the staff employed by Big-Bazaar are well-suited for modern retail.
Well-dressed staff improves the overall appearance of store.
Employees are motivated to think out-of-the-box. Retail sector is in growth stage, so staff is empowered to take innovative steps.
Employs close to 10,000 people and recruits nearly 500 people every month.
Use of technology like scenario planning for decision making.
Multiple counters for payment, staff at store to keep baggage and security guards at every gate, makes for a customer-friendly atmosphere.
Process
The goods' dispatch and purchasing area has certain salient features which include: -
Multiple counters with trolleys to carry the items purchased.
Proper display / posters of the place like (DAL, SOAP, etc.).
Home delivery counters also started at many places.
Physical Evidence
It deals with the final deliverable or the display of written facts. This includes the current system and available facilities.
Big Bazaar: Brand Extensions Actually Made & Future Possibilities
Future Group is planning to split Big Bazaar into two entities. One will be front-end consumer-oriented entity and other will be for back-end operations. Back-end entity may enter into joint venture with leading international cash and carry retailers. Foreign partners like Carrefour, Metro, Costco, etc., are in the race, and their role will be to improve efficiency in sourcing and logistics, which will help drive down prices and boost margins.
The front-end operations will be further divided in three categories, Big Bazaar Express with store area less than 40,000 sq. ft., Standard Big Bazaar with store area between 40,000 to 75,000 sq. ft., and Big Bazaar Supercentres with store area more than 75,000 sq. ft. . Future Group is also planning to distribute financial products like consumer loans and insurance through Big Bazaar outlets.
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Consumer Insights & Perceptions
Big Bazaar is based on 3-C theory of Kishore Biyani. The 3-C symbolize Change, Confidence and Consumption, and according to this theory, "Change and confidence is leading to rise in Consumption". They divided Indian customers in three categories: - [removed][removed]
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India One
Consuming class, constitutes only 14% of Indian population.
They are upper middle class and most of customers have substantial disposable income.
Initial focus of Big Bazaar. India Two
Serving class which includes people like drivers, house-hold helps, office peons, washer-men, etc.
For every India One, there are at least India Two and have around 55% of Indian population.
India Three
Struggling class, remaining population of India.
Cannot afford to inspire for better living, have hand-to-mouth existence.
Needs cannot be addressed by current business models.
The potential customers of Big Bazaar are India One and India Two. The customer insights were developed by close observation of the target set. The insights that came out were: -
The clean and shiny environment of modern retail stores creates the perception that such store are too expensive and exclusive, and arepercy harvin jersey
not meant for India Two.
India Two finds moves and find a lot of comfort in crowds, they are not individualistic. They prefer to be in queues.
Indian-ness is not about swadeshi, it's about believing in Indian ways of doing things.
Indian customers prefer to purchase grains, grams, etc., after touching them, so it's better not to sell in polythene packs. Big Bazaar has counters where you can touch wheat, rice, sugar, etc., before purchasing.
Advertisements about schemes and offers through local newspapers, radio in local languages, inspires customer more than the traditional ways.
The guards, salesman at the Big Bazaar outlets should not look smarter than customer, so they prefer not to have tie, etc., in their uniform.
Hypermarkets in India should be situated in city unlike western countries where they are located away from city. Purchased bags / goods should be sealed at check-out as customer can enter and exit multiple times.
For Indians, shopping is an entertainment; they come in groups, with families so Big Bazaar should offer something for every section of family. That also led separate section for clothes, vegetables, food, etc., that is multiple clusters within a bazaar. [removed][removed]
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// ]]>[removed]Developed a diversity tracing cell to cater local patterns, demands, festivals, as every region of customers has unique demands. Advertising: The Essential of Brand Building Process
Advertising is an essential component of brand building. The advertisement and brand building is done through various ways, the techniques used are: -
Tag-line: Big Bazaar tag-lines are the key components of advertising. These tag-lines are modified according to demographic profile of customers. These catch-phrases appeared on hoardings and newspapers in every city where Big Bazaar was launched. Everybody understood and connected easily with these simple one-liners. The catch-liners include "Hindi - Chane ke bhaw kaaju", "Bengali Saints jersey
- Rui er dame illish", "Hindi - Stall ke bhaw balcony", etc.
Print Ads: Big Bazaar newspaper advertisements are present just before launch of any new scheme. This creates aura about the Big Bazaar brand in the minds of customers.
TV Ads: Kishore Biyani spends a lot of money in brand building exercise. Big Bazaar commercials are shown on various channels in India. Presently, Fashion@Big Bazaar commercial is aired.
Road-side Advertisements: Big Bazaar bill-boards are displayed on prime locations in various cities as a brand building exercise. They display the catch-phrases now-a-days.
Radio Ads: This technique is used in cities like Sangli (Tier 1 / Tier 2 cities). Now-a-days, it is replaced by advertisements on FM channels. This informs customers about all new happenings at Big Bazaar.
Fashion Shows: "FASHION @ BIG BAZAAR - Desh Badla, Bhesh Badlo" is the latest invention of the Indian iconic brand. In an effort to take the Fashion to the masses, Big Bazaar, the flagship hypermarket brand of retail chain of Future Group, organized a three-day Fashion Show on the streets of Bandra, Mumbai.
Brand Endorsement by Celebrity: Big Bazaar is always associated with celebrities for advertising and marketing of its brand name. The current campaign is starred by Brand Ambassador and Indian Cricket ODI Captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni. Earlier Himesh Reshammiya and Sanath Jaisuriya were associated with Big Bazaar.
Factors that Shaped Big Bazaar During its Life Cycledan marino jersey
The Big Bazaar brand name is in its growth stage? Pantaloon Group faced various small and large scales troubles in the introductory stage of the brand.
Big Bazaar: Brand's Identity, Personcheap nfl jerseys ality & Symbolism
Big Bazaar is Indian personification of retail. It's like an Indian bazaar or mandi ?
Present years are the high growth years in retail sphere as market has high potential to sustain growth. The sales are increasing, more and more firms are coming to market, foreign players are entering into retail sector, and pie of organized retail is increasing in retail sector.The factors that shaped the brand during its life cycle are: -Influence of Sarvana Stores Located in Theyagraya Nagar, ChennaiMany people think that Big Bazaar was inspired by Wall-Mart but the truth is that Kishore Biyani and his team members are neither inspired by US ways of doing retailing nor they have been to US much. The credit for foundation and inspiration goes to Saravana Store, a family-run 25-years-old store, whose philosophy was - low margin, high turnover. In that store, food, groceries, clothes, everything had a separate section. It had around 120 people just to manage crowd. The single shop was doing business of more than INR 200 Crore per year. This shop was the template for Big Bazaar.
Observing Customers RegularlyRegular customer feedback is also an influential factor for the success of Big Bazaar. The Big Bazaar has a separate team that looks for customer's purchasing pattern and how they like or dislike products, how they approach particular products. For example, unlike other stores where the most expensive and catchy item is placed at the front display, Big Bazaar places the "Value for Money" items at check-out points.
Imbibed Entrepreneurial Spirit in OrganizationDecision making power is given to every level of employees at Big Bazaar. Kishore Biyani has given risk-taking power, which led to exposure of entrepreneurial spirit in every employee. Everybody in Big Bazaar operates with speed and confidence when it comes to decision making.
Building on Core ValuesCore values of Indian-ness, valuing and nurturing relationships, and simplicity shaped the brand. Kishore Biyani always believes in long-term relationships, with customers, suppliers and employees. Once thinking about offering gifts to employees close to Diwali, Kishore Biyani suggested giving them wall-paints to keep their house clean. The paint is used in Indian culture to keep house clean and brings freshness. The motive behind this was to keep everything clean and bring freshness in organization.
Strategic Decisions Taken to Build the Big Bazaar Brand
The strategic decisions that lead to building of Big Bazaar were: -
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Real Estate Game
For a retailer, location is one of the most important things. According to Kishore Biyani, real estate cost should be less than 5% of total sales of store in order to provide maximum benefits to customer.
or mela, the environment created by traders to give shoppers a sense of moment. Its personality is of being an entity away from fancy or pretty and being authentically "no-frills". Kishore Biyani never hired any foreign consultant for Big Bazaar which is evident from Indian-specific personality of the brand. The brand's personality is self-explanatory by its tag-line only. This statement places Big Bazaar at the top of customer's mind. It reflects that entrepreneurship and simplicity are the essence of character of Big Bazaar. To use predatory pricing is not in the personality of Big Bazaar, they never sell goods below the price they have purchased it. Big Bazaar, the "Indian Wal-Mart", is the modern Indian family's favorite store. Big Bazaar symbolizes modern retail, the business which isn't looked up to in our country, is now in the eyes of many multi-national biggies. Big Bazaar has shown a robust growth in recent years (.
Demerits of Marketing a Commodity Market
Brands evolve from ‘unbranded commodities' to references, where the name is used for identification. This is also evident from the Goodyear's (1996) chronological brand categorization
There is lack of differentiation if marketing of commodity is done. Commodities and differentiated products are the two ends of the product spectrum. Each unit of a commodity is exactly like every other unit. A product is a commodity when all units of production are identical, regardless of who produces them. Commodities tend to be raw materials like corn, wheat, copper, crude oil, etc. The stone marble is mined and sold by many companies in Rajasthan; it's like an unbranded commodity, where each producer is selling identical product.
People that produce commodities are referred to as "price-takers". This means that an individual producer has no control over his/her price. On the other hand, people who are owners of brands or differentiated products are "price-makers". Producer of a differentiated product creates a separate market for his/her individual product.
Value of Branding
Branding plays a crucial role for all the products and services. A successful brand is an identifiable product or service, and buyers or users perceive values in it which matches their needs.
There are certain advantages of branding. They are: -
? Product dies but a good brand never dies: The first car T-model is no more but the brand 'FORD' is still alive. 'Pears' soap that was launched somewhere in the end of 1800 is still alive although they have changed the product. Even they are looking for line extension but basic brand names are the same.
Sales or market share: A brand generates familiarity and trust, and hence, leads to greater sales. Branded products have an edge over unbranded products.
Premium price: Brands generate trust, a brand manager can charge extra price and people pay for that trust.
Differentiation: Creating a brand is nothing but creating a strong association. This association clearly differentiates the branded product from the rest.According to brand evolution model developed by Kunde (2000) (as the value of brand becomes stronger and more relevant to customers, the brand becomes more involving, and thus, managers need to make their brand values more relevant to increase customer's involvement. This is explained by religion model also. The model distinguishes 5 types of brands: -
Product Brand: Products without any form of added value connected to the generic element.
Concept Brand: Brands that are driven by emotional values - as opposed to product characteristics.
Corporate Concept Brand: Brands that merge with the company and present themselves in a sustained and consistent way.
Brand Culture Brand: Brands that are so strong that they - in the eyes of the consumer - have become equated with the function they represent.
Brand Religion Brand: The ultimate brand position is that of brands that - in the eyes of the consumer - have become a "must", a faith to which they profess.
Big Bazaar: Positioning & Establishment
Big Bazaar has established itself in the first quadrant of Organization Value and Customer Value Matrix (Exhibit 5). The SWOT Analysis (Exhibit 6) of current strategy of Big Bazaar elaborates the core competencies and areas of improvement. The key features that have shaped in establishing of brand includes: -
Big Bazaar ensures that no other kirana store / departmental store are offering considerable discount compared to its own price. This helped Big Bazaar in being the "value for money" store.
Big Bazaar scores high on product mix as compared to kirana store.
Cheap and local products are heavily stocked in Big Bazaar which make it easier to attract lower middle class category of customers.
Promotion of kirana is rare event but Big Bazaar used this channel efficiently to establish itself as national brand. Customer loyalty resulting in high up sell, i.e., selling to existing customers.
Big Bazaar refrains from high-end locations for business which reduces its rental budget and provides competitive advantage over competitors. Kishore Biyani has taken "early movers advantage" in many retail spaces. [removed][removed]
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7P Analysis of Big Bazaar
7P Marketing Mix is more useful for services industries and knowledge intensive industries. Successful marketing depends on number of key issues. The seven keys issues are explained as: -
Product
Big Bazaar offers a wide range of products which range from apparels, food, farm products, furniture, child care, toys, etc. . Products of all the major brands are available at Big Bazaar .Also, there are many in house brands promoted by Big Bazaar. Big Bazaar sold over 300,000 pairs of jeans, 50,000 DVD-players and 25,000 microwave-ovens. In all, the fashion, electronics and travel segments made up about 70% of sales. Last year, these categories made up only about 60%.
Price
The tag-line is "Is se sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi". They work on the model of economics of scale. There pricing objective is to get "Maximum Market Share". The various techniques used at Big Bazaar are: -
Value Pricing (EDLP - Every Day Low Pricing): Big Bazaar promises consumers the lowest available price without coupon clipping, waiting for discount promotions, or comparison shopping.
Promotional Pricing: Big Bazaar offers financing at low interest rate. The concept of psychological discounting (Rs. 99, Rs. 49, etc.) is used as promotional tool. Big Bazaar also caters on Special Event Pricing (Close to Diwali, Gudi Padva, and Durga Pooja).
Differentiated Pricing: Time pricing, i.e., difference in rate based on peak and non-peak hours or days of shopping is also a pricing technique used in Indian retail, which is aggressively used by Big Bazaar.
Bundling: Selling combo-packs and offering discount to customers. The combo-packs add value to customer.
Place
Big Bazaar stores are located in 50 cities with 75 outlets.Big Bazaar has presence in almost all the major Indian cities. They are aggressive on their expansion plans.
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Promotion
Big Bazaar started many new and innovative cross-sell and up-sell strategies in Indian retail market. The various promotion techniques used at Big Bazaar include "saal ke sabse saste teen din", Future Card (the card offers 3% discount), Shakti Card,
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Brand Endorsement by M. S. Dhoni, Exchange Offer - ‘Junk Swap Offer', Point-of-Purchase Promotions.
Advertising has played a crucial role in building of the brand. Big Bazaar advertisements are seen in print media, TV, Radio (FM) and road-side bill-boards.
People
They are one of the key assets for any organization. The salient features of staff of Big Bazaar are: -
Well-trained staff, the staff employed by Big-Bazaar are well-suited for modern retail.
Well-dressed staff improves the overall appearance of store.
Employees are motivated to think out-of-the-box. Retail sector is in growth stage, so staff is empowered to take innovative steps.
Employs close to 10,000 people and recruits nearly 500 people every month.
Use of technology like scenario planning for decision making.
Multiple counters for payment, staff at store to keep baggage and security guards at every gate, makes for a customer-friendly atmosphere.
Process
The goods' dispatch and purchasing area has certain salient features which include: -
Multiple counters with trolleys to carry the items purchased.
Proper display / posters of the place like (DAL, SOAP, etc.).
Home delivery counters also started at many places.
Physical Evidence
It deals with the final deliverable or the display of written facts. This includes the current system and available facilities.
Big Bazaar: Brand Extensions Actually Made & Future Possibilities
Future Group is planning to split Big Bazaar into two entities. One will be front-end consumer-oriented entity and other will be for back-end operations. Back-end entity may enter into joint venture with leading international cash and carry retailers. Foreign partners like Carrefour, Metro, Costco, etc., are in the race, and their role will be to improve efficiency in sourcing and logistics, which will help drive down prices and boost margins.
The front-end operations will be further divided in three categories, Big Bazaar Express with store area less than 40,000 sq. ft., Standard Big Bazaar with store area between 40,000 to 75,000 sq. ft., and Big Bazaar Supercentres with store area more than 75,000 sq. ft. . Future Group is also planning to distribute financial products like consumer loans and insurance through Big Bazaar outlets.
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Consumer Insights & Perceptions
Big Bazaar is based on 3-C theory of Kishore Biyani. The 3-C symbolize Change, Confidence and Consumption, and according to this theory, "Change and confidence is leading to rise in Consumption". They divided Indian customers in three categories: - [removed][removed]
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India One
Consuming class, constitutes only 14% of Indian population.
They are upper middle class and most of customers have substantial disposable income.
Initial focus of Big Bazaar. India Two
Serving class which includes people like drivers, house-hold helps, office peons, washer-men, etc.
For every India One, there are at least India Two and have around 55% of Indian population.
India Three
Struggling class, remaining population of India.
Cannot afford to inspire for better living, have hand-to-mouth existence.
Needs cannot be addressed by current business models.
The potential customers of Big Bazaar are India One and India Two. The customer insights were developed by close observation of the target set. The insights that came out were: -
The clean and shiny environment of modern retail stores creates the perception that such store are too expensive and exclusive, and arepercy harvin jersey
not meant for India Two.
India Two finds moves and find a lot of comfort in crowds, they are not individualistic. They prefer to be in queues.
Indian-ness is not about swadeshi, it's about believing in Indian ways of doing things.
Indian customers prefer to purchase grains, grams, etc., after touching them, so it's better not to sell in polythene packs. Big Bazaar has counters where you can touch wheat, rice, sugar, etc., before purchasing.
Advertisements about schemes and offers through local newspapers, radio in local languages, inspires customer more than the traditional ways.
The guards, salesman at the Big Bazaar outlets should not look smarter than customer, so they prefer not to have tie, etc., in their uniform.
Hypermarkets in India should be situated in city unlike western countries where they are located away from city. Purchased bags / goods should be sealed at check-out as customer can enter and exit multiple times.
For Indians, shopping is an entertainment; they come in groups, with families so Big Bazaar should offer something for every section of family. That also led separate section for clothes, vegetables, food, etc., that is multiple clusters within a bazaar. [removed][removed]
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// ]]>[removed]Developed a diversity tracing cell to cater local patterns, demands, festivals, as every region of customers has unique demands. Advertising: The Essential of Brand Building Process
Advertising is an essential component of brand building. The advertisement and brand building is done through various ways, the techniques used are: -
Tag-line: Big Bazaar tag-lines are the key components of advertising. These tag-lines are modified according to demographic profile of customers. These catch-phrases appeared on hoardings and newspapers in every city where Big Bazaar was launched. Everybody understood and connected easily with these simple one-liners. The catch-liners include "Hindi - Chane ke bhaw kaaju", "Bengali Saints jersey
- Rui er dame illish", "Hindi - Stall ke bhaw balcony", etc.
Print Ads: Big Bazaar newspaper advertisements are present just before launch of any new scheme. This creates aura about the Big Bazaar brand in the minds of customers.
TV Ads: Kishore Biyani spends a lot of money in brand building exercise. Big Bazaar commercials are shown on various channels in India. Presently, Fashion@Big Bazaar commercial is aired.
Road-side Advertisements: Big Bazaar bill-boards are displayed on prime locations in various cities as a brand building exercise. They display the catch-phrases now-a-days.
Radio Ads: This technique is used in cities like Sangli (Tier 1 / Tier 2 cities). Now-a-days, it is replaced by advertisements on FM channels. This informs customers about all new happenings at Big Bazaar.
Fashion Shows: "FASHION @ BIG BAZAAR - Desh Badla, Bhesh Badlo" is the latest invention of the Indian iconic brand. In an effort to take the Fashion to the masses, Big Bazaar, the flagship hypermarket brand of retail chain of Future Group, organized a three-day Fashion Show on the streets of Bandra, Mumbai.
Brand Endorsement by Celebrity: Big Bazaar is always associated with celebrities for advertising and marketing of its brand name. The current campaign is starred by Brand Ambassador and Indian Cricket ODI Captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni. Earlier Himesh Reshammiya and Sanath Jaisuriya were associated with Big Bazaar.
Factors that Shaped Big Bazaar During its Life Cycledan marino jersey
The Big Bazaar brand name is in its growth stage? Pantaloon Group faced various small and large scales troubles in the introductory stage of the brand.
Wednesday, 13 October 2010
Southern Justice for Hip-hop: Houston a Rap Capital?
Phasing, flanging and echo effects were originally the result of the two records being played at cheap nfl jerseys
millisecond intervals.
Many Houston area artists, such as Big Love, Willie D and Ganksta NIP began to incorporate the slowed tempo into rap songs. Willie D's song “Die”, from the album ‘I'm Goin Houston, Texas is home to one of the most prominent and independent hip-hop scenes in the world, largely influencing both gangsta rap and the larger southern hip-hop community.
The man credited with being the central figurehead for the uprising of hip-hop is the late DJ Screw (real name Robert Earl Davis Jr). Screw was the creator and pioneer of a new style of hip-hop, which was christened “screwing” after its creator. This method involves the key tracks of a cut being slowed down when remixed. DJ Screw began making mixtapes of the slowed-down music in the early 1990s. Originally, this process involved mixing two copies of the same record, slowed down either on the turntables using pitch shift or later through use of an after-mixer device. Out Lika Soldier’, featured a slowed-down sample of the line "all I have is my balls and my word" from the movie ‘Scarface’, well before “screwing” gained more mainstream acceptance.
The genre was associated with both the use of marijuana and the consumption of “syrup”, a cocktail of cough syrup, mixed with the prescription drugs codeine and promethazine (DJ Screw’s death in November 2000 was attributed to either an overdose of codeine, or a gradual build-up of codeine in his body’s system as a result of years spent abusing the drug). This has been credited as influencing the genre's psychedelic style.
DJ Screw made a significant number of mixtapes (purported to be in the thousands), Darrell Green jersey
usually with a theme. This provided a significant outlet for MCs in the South-Houston area, and helped local rappers such as ESG, Lil’ Flip and Z-Ro gain regional and sometimes national prominence, and it is likely that would have played host to several record labels' talent spotters eager to check Currently, the style is best exemplified in the music of Swishahouse DJ Michael 5000 Watts and Chamilitary DJ OG Ron C. Their work has helped establish current rappers Chamillionaire, Paul Wall, Mike Jones, Slim Thug - all of whom achieved massive mainstream success and placed Houston firmly back on the hip-hop map, as well as rap groups such as The Colour Changin’ Click and The Screwed Up Click. More major recording labels have embraced the genre, and chopped and screwed albums occasionally outsell the unmixed version.
out the genre for themselves.
Early tapes were often “screwed” versions of instrumentals over which rappers would later freestyle, but later tapes were mostly vocal tracks with occasional toasting or jared aleen jersey
freestyle intermissions, and by the time of Screw's death, the genre had become widely known throughout the southern United States.
millisecond intervals.
Many Houston area artists, such as Big Love, Willie D and Ganksta NIP began to incorporate the slowed tempo into rap songs. Willie D's song “Die”, from the album ‘I'm Goin Houston, Texas is home to one of the most prominent and independent hip-hop scenes in the world, largely influencing both gangsta rap and the larger southern hip-hop community.
The man credited with being the central figurehead for the uprising of hip-hop is the late DJ Screw (real name Robert Earl Davis Jr). Screw was the creator and pioneer of a new style of hip-hop, which was christened “screwing” after its creator. This method involves the key tracks of a cut being slowed down when remixed. DJ Screw began making mixtapes of the slowed-down music in the early 1990s. Originally, this process involved mixing two copies of the same record, slowed down either on the turntables using pitch shift or later through use of an after-mixer device. Out Lika Soldier’, featured a slowed-down sample of the line "all I have is my balls and my word" from the movie ‘Scarface’, well before “screwing” gained more mainstream acceptance.
The genre was associated with both the use of marijuana and the consumption of “syrup”, a cocktail of cough syrup, mixed with the prescription drugs codeine and promethazine (DJ Screw’s death in November 2000 was attributed to either an overdose of codeine, or a gradual build-up of codeine in his body’s system as a result of years spent abusing the drug). This has been credited as influencing the genre's psychedelic style.
DJ Screw made a significant number of mixtapes (purported to be in the thousands), Darrell Green jersey
usually with a theme. This provided a significant outlet for MCs in the South-Houston area, and helped local rappers such as ESG, Lil’ Flip and Z-Ro gain regional and sometimes national prominence, and it is likely that would have played host to several record labels' talent spotters eager to check Currently, the style is best exemplified in the music of Swishahouse DJ Michael 5000 Watts and Chamilitary DJ OG Ron C. Their work has helped establish current rappers Chamillionaire, Paul Wall, Mike Jones, Slim Thug - all of whom achieved massive mainstream success and placed Houston firmly back on the hip-hop map, as well as rap groups such as The Colour Changin’ Click and The Screwed Up Click. More major recording labels have embraced the genre, and chopped and screwed albums occasionally outsell the unmixed version.
out the genre for themselves.
Early tapes were often “screwed” versions of instrumentals over which rappers would later freestyle, but later tapes were mostly vocal tracks with occasional toasting or jared aleen jersey
freestyle intermissions, and by the time of Screw's death, the genre had become widely known throughout the southern United States.
Tuesday, 12 October 2010
Houston New Homes Bring Change and Appeal to Houston Golf Course Communities
Both families and singles seek affordable living in Houston. New homes should be able to offer more for the dollar. On a national average, this city has lower prices in real cheap nfl jerseys
estate and more square feet to offer per dollar value. A home that would sell here for $150,000, in many other states nationwide could ran As the growth in Houston increases, so does the demand for new housing. Reconstruction and renovation of older homes are replaced with newly constructed condos and town homes. Home prices raging into the millions are creating landscape changes as the population changes.
This city is a young city and interest in upscale, dream homes and condos are highly sought after by young "urbanites". This area is deemed one of the best places to live. In America, several surveys adds to the interest stretching nationwide. With this notoriety this city is bringing in young professionals and families seeking a better living.
ge in prices from triple to ten times as much.
For a first time home buyer, finding a unique dream home in the inner city loop or in suburban communities offers grand amenities.
New homes in master planned communities are under pre-construction, planning preserves natural surrounding and green space. Added trails, parks, man made lakes are also prominent in Houston. Golf course communities have become appealing and irresistible to home buyers. As available land is disappearing, construction of new homes will end in these prime locations.
This includes properties in the inner city that are replacing older homes. The skyline is changing and improvements bring a diverse architecture to communities and neighborhoods. This city sprawls to almost 9,000 square miles. Added annexed areas and growth of suburban areas encompassing the city a terrell owens jersey
dd to its exploding population. Influx of a fast growing population makes construction evident in Houston. New homes are moving fast to keep up with the demand.
This city leads the nation in population growth, this area is focused and the pace is fast. It attracts all business minded professionals, entrepreneurs, medical professionals, high tech professionals, investor opportunities, as well. You will find everything you desire here and lack nothing.
There is something for everyone inside the city or surrounding suburban areas. Upscale homes, schools, parks, recreation facilities, entertainment and places of worship are available to accommodate all cultural desires. Diverse and distinctive looks are available in both single family homes as well as multifamily complexes. Move closer to downtown and Uptown you wil aaron rodgers jersey
l find newly renovated and constructed, high priced, high demand, high rise condominiums. And with all the luxury amenities expected for upscale living.
estate and more square feet to offer per dollar value. A home that would sell here for $150,000, in many other states nationwide could ran As the growth in Houston increases, so does the demand for new housing. Reconstruction and renovation of older homes are replaced with newly constructed condos and town homes. Home prices raging into the millions are creating landscape changes as the population changes.
This city is a young city and interest in upscale, dream homes and condos are highly sought after by young "urbanites". This area is deemed one of the best places to live. In America, several surveys adds to the interest stretching nationwide. With this notoriety this city is bringing in young professionals and families seeking a better living.
ge in prices from triple to ten times as much.
For a first time home buyer, finding a unique dream home in the inner city loop or in suburban communities offers grand amenities.
New homes in master planned communities are under pre-construction, planning preserves natural surrounding and green space. Added trails, parks, man made lakes are also prominent in Houston. Golf course communities have become appealing and irresistible to home buyers. As available land is disappearing, construction of new homes will end in these prime locations.
This includes properties in the inner city that are replacing older homes. The skyline is changing and improvements bring a diverse architecture to communities and neighborhoods. This city sprawls to almost 9,000 square miles. Added annexed areas and growth of suburban areas encompassing the city a terrell owens jersey
dd to its exploding population. Influx of a fast growing population makes construction evident in Houston. New homes are moving fast to keep up with the demand.
This city leads the nation in population growth, this area is focused and the pace is fast. It attracts all business minded professionals, entrepreneurs, medical professionals, high tech professionals, investor opportunities, as well. You will find everything you desire here and lack nothing.
There is something for everyone inside the city or surrounding suburban areas. Upscale homes, schools, parks, recreation facilities, entertainment and places of worship are available to accommodate all cultural desires. Diverse and distinctive looks are available in both single family homes as well as multifamily complexes. Move closer to downtown and Uptown you wil aaron rodgers jersey
l find newly renovated and constructed, high priced, high demand, high rise condominiums. And with all the luxury amenities expected for upscale living.
Shotgun House Floor Plan - The Revival Of A Traditional Southern Housing Style
nfl: Found throughout the American South, the shotgun house floor plan has its roots in West Africa and cheap nfl jerseys
inner city areas of the Fourth, Fifth & Sixth Ward. The largest concentration of shotgun house floor plans were in a historic section of the Fourth Ward between downtown Houston and River Oaks called "Freedman's Town". The first preservation ordinance was passed a mere five years ago to preserve the 30 remaining shotgun houses in the area. Most had already been torn down and replaced with larger homes.
Many people living in the area want to see the old shotgun houses refurbished though there is some dispute as to the true historic value of these old homes. The shotgun house floor plan is an important part of African American history and should be preserved as a symbol of pride and survival. the Caribbean. Fleeing the revolution in the 1800s, Hatians introduced the long, narrow houses to New Orleans and their popularity quickly spread to mill towns and cotten plantations all over the South.
The shotgun house floor plan may the santonio holmes jersey
the only African American house plan that exists. Although the name sounds as though it was dreamed up by the National Rifle Association, the shotgun house was so named because of the liner arrangement of its rooms. In theroy, you should be able to fire a bullet through the front door and it would go through the house and straight out the back door.
Long associated with poverty, the shotgun house floor plan is now becoming respectable and even chic in some cities older districts. Architects, artists and community groups are working hard to restore the old homes into designer homes as symbols of both black and local heritage and pride. The shotgun house floor plan is the latest cause in the fight to preserve and restore some inner city communities.
With their typical one room wide and 3 or 4 rooms deep design uninterrupted by hallways, shotgun house floor plans can be as simplistic as a child's drawing while retaining the integrity than many other floor plans don't possess. Raised on piers, shotgun house floor plans allow for air circulation both under the house and as a cross-ventilating breeze. This design is well suited for the Southern climate. Porches provide juventus jersey
much needed shade from the sun and encourage interaction between neighbors.
Though in the past shotgun house floor plans have been equated with slum areas, community groups in Houston, Texas are working hard to rennovate the remaining shotguns houses in the
inner city areas of the Fourth, Fifth & Sixth Ward. The largest concentration of shotgun house floor plans were in a historic section of the Fourth Ward between downtown Houston and River Oaks called "Freedman's Town". The first preservation ordinance was passed a mere five years ago to preserve the 30 remaining shotgun houses in the area. Most had already been torn down and replaced with larger homes.
Many people living in the area want to see the old shotgun houses refurbished though there is some dispute as to the true historic value of these old homes. The shotgun house floor plan is an important part of African American history and should be preserved as a symbol of pride and survival. the Caribbean. Fleeing the revolution in the 1800s, Hatians introduced the long, narrow houses to New Orleans and their popularity quickly spread to mill towns and cotten plantations all over the South.
The shotgun house floor plan may the santonio holmes jersey
the only African American house plan that exists. Although the name sounds as though it was dreamed up by the National Rifle Association, the shotgun house was so named because of the liner arrangement of its rooms. In theroy, you should be able to fire a bullet through the front door and it would go through the house and straight out the back door.
Long associated with poverty, the shotgun house floor plan is now becoming respectable and even chic in some cities older districts. Architects, artists and community groups are working hard to restore the old homes into designer homes as symbols of both black and local heritage and pride. The shotgun house floor plan is the latest cause in the fight to preserve and restore some inner city communities.
With their typical one room wide and 3 or 4 rooms deep design uninterrupted by hallways, shotgun house floor plans can be as simplistic as a child's drawing while retaining the integrity than many other floor plans don't possess. Raised on piers, shotgun house floor plans allow for air circulation both under the house and as a cross-ventilating breeze. This design is well suited for the Southern climate. Porches provide juventus jersey
much needed shade from the sun and encourage interaction between neighbors.
Though in the past shotgun house floor plans have been equated with slum areas, community groups in Houston, Texas are working hard to rennovate the remaining shotguns houses in the
Create A Natural Looking Stone Wall With Joint Compound And A Stencil
nfl: Interior stone walls are expensive, tedious to install, and needless to say; a back breaking experience. cheap nfl jerseys
You need to pick out and haul the stones, haul and attach the backer board, spread the messy As you smooth on this second layer of compound, allow it to be bumpy, with dips and crevices, swirls and ridges. This will help to create very natural looking stone. Remove the stencil and allow the compound to dry before repeating your stones next to the wet design.
To speed things along, we do the first repeat, skip the second, apply the third repeat and so on. To accomplish this, simply measure over the width of your stencil openings and apply the stencil at that point.
Once all of the stones have been completed and are dry, add just a little water to each of the secondary (accent) colors you have chosen. Using your small sea sponge or an old, dry towel, begin to blot the colors here and there over the stones, blending as you go. Streaks or veining of color can be added with a cotton swab or artists brush.
Apply a coat of clear polyurethane to seal and protect. Enjoy the look of a stone wall you created yourself and hear the comments from friends and family who won't believe it!
Copyright ? Victoria Larsen 2006.
thin-set, lay out the stones, and then grout them. It is a lot for the mind to comprehend when it comes to a weekend project, let alone to accomplish.
But I have a simple, beautiful answer that creates a wall of raised stone that looks so real you won't believe it!
Supply List:
1. Raised Plaster Stone stencil: Raised Plaster Stencils are now readily available on the internet (simply do a search for "Raised Plaster Stencil" to find all of the available sources). If you can't find just the right stone stencil design, you can make your own.
2. A bucket of joint compound (or more, depending on how large the intended wall is).
3. A small mixing bucket
4. Wide masking tape
5. A 3" wide plastic scraper
6. Pure pigment tint to pre-color the joint compound (these come in many forms from concrete and stucco pigments or in the paint department of most home stores or on-line sources). The color you choose will become the "base" color of your stones.
7. A small sea sponge. (Even an old towel works!).
8. Clear polyurethane sealer.
9. Craft paints in the secondary or "accent" colors you would prefer in your stones. (For instance, a pale brown base color with deeper brown and cream accent colors).
To create your own stencil, first decide on your stone pattern. Practice with pencil and paper until you have just the right design by creating various size stones in different patterns or simply copy a pattern from a garden book or magazine. Create a square or rectangle design since it will be the easiest to repeat over the wall.
Your stencil can be made out of just about anything that is large, flat and reasonably thick. Durable plastic sheets work the best since they will hold up to repeated use and can later be used with concrete over your existing patio to create a new stone surface. .14 mil or thicker plastic does the trick and will basically last through any abuse.
Though the openings for your stones can be cut out with a sharp craft knife, a stencil burner (available at your local craft store) glides through the plastic with ease, making the cutting chore a breeze.
You can create a more temporary version ben roethlisberger jersey
of your stencil by using heavy duty poster board from your local craft or art supply store. Tip: Spray the poster board lightly with aerosol hairspray or matt spray varnish to seal the paper surface which will help prevent the moisture in the joint compound from penetrating it before you have completed your wall project. A craft knife is all you need to cut the openings out of poster board.
Transfer the design on to the stencil material and cut the openings out.
Apply wide masking tape to adjoining walls, the ceiling and baseboards to protect them from unwanted joint compound. Be sure to protect the floor with a drop cloth or plastic sheet, then apply your stencil to one upper corner of the wall and tape in to place.
Transfer ? of the bucket of joint compound in to a clean mixing bucket and add a few drops of tint at a time, mixing in between color applications until you reach the desired base color for your stones. Keep track of the number of drops you have used so you can repeat the exact color if you need to mix more.
Stir the joint compound well. With your juventus shirt
scraper, apply a thin coat over all of the openings. Scrape it smooth to force the compound in to all of the open spaces. Now, apply more joint compound over the openings. Applying a coat that exceeds ?" will only lead to cracking as the compound dries. You may or may not prefer this effect.
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You need to pick out and haul the stones, haul and attach the backer board, spread the messy As you smooth on this second layer of compound, allow it to be bumpy, with dips and crevices, swirls and ridges. This will help to create very natural looking stone. Remove the stencil and allow the compound to dry before repeating your stones next to the wet design.
To speed things along, we do the first repeat, skip the second, apply the third repeat and so on. To accomplish this, simply measure over the width of your stencil openings and apply the stencil at that point.
Once all of the stones have been completed and are dry, add just a little water to each of the secondary (accent) colors you have chosen. Using your small sea sponge or an old, dry towel, begin to blot the colors here and there over the stones, blending as you go. Streaks or veining of color can be added with a cotton swab or artists brush.
Apply a coat of clear polyurethane to seal and protect. Enjoy the look of a stone wall you created yourself and hear the comments from friends and family who won't believe it!
Copyright ? Victoria Larsen 2006.
thin-set, lay out the stones, and then grout them. It is a lot for the mind to comprehend when it comes to a weekend project, let alone to accomplish.
But I have a simple, beautiful answer that creates a wall of raised stone that looks so real you won't believe it!
Supply List:
1. Raised Plaster Stone stencil: Raised Plaster Stencils are now readily available on the internet (simply do a search for "Raised Plaster Stencil" to find all of the available sources). If you can't find just the right stone stencil design, you can make your own.
2. A bucket of joint compound (or more, depending on how large the intended wall is).
3. A small mixing bucket
4. Wide masking tape
5. A 3" wide plastic scraper
6. Pure pigment tint to pre-color the joint compound (these come in many forms from concrete and stucco pigments or in the paint department of most home stores or on-line sources). The color you choose will become the "base" color of your stones.
7. A small sea sponge. (Even an old towel works!).
8. Clear polyurethane sealer.
9. Craft paints in the secondary or "accent" colors you would prefer in your stones. (For instance, a pale brown base color with deeper brown and cream accent colors).
To create your own stencil, first decide on your stone pattern. Practice with pencil and paper until you have just the right design by creating various size stones in different patterns or simply copy a pattern from a garden book or magazine. Create a square or rectangle design since it will be the easiest to repeat over the wall.
Your stencil can be made out of just about anything that is large, flat and reasonably thick. Durable plastic sheets work the best since they will hold up to repeated use and can later be used with concrete over your existing patio to create a new stone surface. .14 mil or thicker plastic does the trick and will basically last through any abuse.
Though the openings for your stones can be cut out with a sharp craft knife, a stencil burner (available at your local craft store) glides through the plastic with ease, making the cutting chore a breeze.
You can create a more temporary version ben roethlisberger jersey
of your stencil by using heavy duty poster board from your local craft or art supply store. Tip: Spray the poster board lightly with aerosol hairspray or matt spray varnish to seal the paper surface which will help prevent the moisture in the joint compound from penetrating it before you have completed your wall project. A craft knife is all you need to cut the openings out of poster board.
Transfer the design on to the stencil material and cut the openings out.
Apply wide masking tape to adjoining walls, the ceiling and baseboards to protect them from unwanted joint compound. Be sure to protect the floor with a drop cloth or plastic sheet, then apply your stencil to one upper corner of the wall and tape in to place.
Transfer ? of the bucket of joint compound in to a clean mixing bucket and add a few drops of tint at a time, mixing in between color applications until you reach the desired base color for your stones. Keep track of the number of drops you have used so you can repeat the exact color if you need to mix more.
Stir the joint compound well. With your juventus shirt
scraper, apply a thin coat over all of the openings. Scrape it smooth to force the compound in to all of the open spaces. Now, apply more joint compound over the openings. Applying a coat that exceeds ?" will only lead to cracking as the compound dries. You may or may not prefer this effect.
c
Pammy Jain - Women of Worth
nfl: Pammy Jain – Women of Worth Pammy Jain is a valuable asset to India HR Industry because she has cheap nfl jerseys
excelled in creating partnerships and determining the niches in the community that needed work and perseverance.? A Dynamic Women with sharp Mind is also a role model to many youngsters living here in NY. Her articles and Guest visits to several universities speaks about her brilliance which is highly recognized in HR women society As in every endeavor she tackles, Pammy empowers by example. She herself is "A Reason to Believe" anything is possible and one of her greatest talents is instilling this belief in others. Providing opportunities for employees’ success and watching them seize the moment ben roethlisberger jersey
and excel beyond their expectations has been a source of great personal fulfillment. As a woman business owner, significant satisfaction has come from the respect and recognition achieved within a very short span of time . That's why Pammy Jain is a 2008 Woman of Worth. New York HR times Salutes her and is proud to be associated with her
to be filled .A gold medalist from Narsee Monji Mumbai, An 6th Doctorate from India in HR to pursue from world renowned Stanford University In 2005, she established a cost cutting techniques to HR industry which helps subsidize the organization. She had shown new direction to the HR world with all her capabilities and abilities. She is a winner of 3 times National HR award along with many other awards. She is acclaimed as the “Best Youngest Writer from Stanford University “ She is now one of India’s most successful HR, innovators and business leaders. As such, she's a highly respected role barcelona jersey
model and, through her motivational talks and mentoring programs, an inspiration to thousands of people around the world, particularly women. She had helped several organizations to reinvent HR. We describe her as Women with Brilliant ideas, hard
excelled in creating partnerships and determining the niches in the community that needed work and perseverance.? A Dynamic Women with sharp Mind is also a role model to many youngsters living here in NY. Her articles and Guest visits to several universities speaks about her brilliance which is highly recognized in HR women society As in every endeavor she tackles, Pammy empowers by example. She herself is "A Reason to Believe" anything is possible and one of her greatest talents is instilling this belief in others. Providing opportunities for employees’ success and watching them seize the moment ben roethlisberger jersey
and excel beyond their expectations has been a source of great personal fulfillment. As a woman business owner, significant satisfaction has come from the respect and recognition achieved within a very short span of time . That's why Pammy Jain is a 2008 Woman of Worth. New York HR times Salutes her and is proud to be associated with her
to be filled .A gold medalist from Narsee Monji Mumbai, An 6th Doctorate from India in HR to pursue from world renowned Stanford University In 2005, she established a cost cutting techniques to HR industry which helps subsidize the organization. She had shown new direction to the HR world with all her capabilities and abilities. She is a winner of 3 times National HR award along with many other awards. She is acclaimed as the “Best Youngest Writer from Stanford University “ She is now one of India’s most successful HR, innovators and business leaders. As such, she's a highly respected role barcelona jersey
model and, through her motivational talks and mentoring programs, an inspiration to thousands of people around the world, particularly women. She had helped several organizations to reinvent HR. We describe her as Women with Brilliant ideas, hard
The Benefits And Risks Of Honey Consumption
nfl: Beekeeping is an ancient activity. There is evidence from rock paintings that suggests beekeeping was cheap nfl jerseys
happening as early as 13.000 BC. The ancient Egyptians were excellent beekeepers, from rhododendrons, mountain laurels and azalea flowers. The nectar of these plants sometimes contains grayanotoxin, which is poisonous to humans but harmless to bees. Toxic honey also results when bees gather honeydew produced by vine hopper insects feeding on the tutu plant in New Zealand. This introduces poisonous tutin into the honey and as little as one teaspoon of this can produce severe effects or death in humans. To reduce the risk of tutin poisoning, New Zealand beekeepers are required to closely monitor tutu, vine hopper, and foraging conditions within three kilometers of their bee hives.
In addition, honey isn't for everybody. It contains Clostridium botulinum spores which cause botulism. While adults and children can safely digest the spores without harm, babies under one year of age cannot. They are susceptible to infant botulism, because their gastrointestinal tracts are not fully working.as were the Greeks.
Honey is produced as food by the honeybees to sustain them during the winter months. The bees take nectar from flowers, take it to the hive, and, by concentrating it, make honey. It is stored within the hive on structures called combs.
The flavour, aroma and colour of honey differ depending on the flowers from which the bee removed the nectar. Climate, humidity and altitude also have an affect on the characteristics of honey. Clear honey has a weak flavour and aroma. Dark honey is rich in proteins and minerals. Common flavours of honey include orange blossom, tupelo, buckwheat, clover, blackberry, and blueberry. In Australia, the most common honey comes from eucalyptus trees, such as red gum, yellow gum and stringybark. Other countries are also noted for their honey, including Tasmanian leatherwood honey, Greek wild thyme honey, and French lavender and acacia honey.
There are three forms of honey, liquid, partially crystallized and granulated. Honey can be used as a food, preservative, or medicine. As a food, honey is rich in fructose, sucrose and glucose, making it a natural source of energy. Its antioxidant properties make it ideal as a preservative in foods, including meat, poultry and pastry. For about 4,000 years, honey has been used as a medicine. The ancient Egyptians used it for the treatment of wounds. Today it is also used to treat burns and skin ulcers. As a dressing on wounds, it provides a moist healing environment. Honey rapidly clears infection and reduces peyton manning jersey
inflammation. Honey kills bacteria and prevents yeast infections because neither can survive in its low moisture content. Thus wounds are protected from infections and they heal quicker, making skin grafting unnecessary.
Honey diluted with water has been used to treat sore throats and coughs, inflammations, some eye diseases, athlete's foot and fungal diseases, upset stomachs, constipation and diarrhea, cardiovascular disease and cancer. It is also effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as salmonella, and H. pylori, which cause stomach ulcers.
Honey is used extensively in the cosmetics industry in moisturizers, lotions, facial creams and bath and shower products. It is an anti-irritant, making it suitable for sensitive-skin and baby products. Honey is a natural humectant, which means it both attracts and retains moisture. Many hair care products include honey in their basic ingredients.
There are some downsides to honey. Commercially processed honey is filtered and contains few allergens. Raw honey, on the other hand barcelona shirt
, retains a greater amount of pollens and may cause a reaction in people who are allergic to pollen. The reactions are usually small, but severe reactions, although rare, have occurred.
There are also several types of honey which are toxic to humans. Bees can produce "Mad Honey"
happening as early as 13.000 BC. The ancient Egyptians were excellent beekeepers, from rhododendrons, mountain laurels and azalea flowers. The nectar of these plants sometimes contains grayanotoxin, which is poisonous to humans but harmless to bees. Toxic honey also results when bees gather honeydew produced by vine hopper insects feeding on the tutu plant in New Zealand. This introduces poisonous tutin into the honey and as little as one teaspoon of this can produce severe effects or death in humans. To reduce the risk of tutin poisoning, New Zealand beekeepers are required to closely monitor tutu, vine hopper, and foraging conditions within three kilometers of their bee hives.
In addition, honey isn't for everybody. It contains Clostridium botulinum spores which cause botulism. While adults and children can safely digest the spores without harm, babies under one year of age cannot. They are susceptible to infant botulism, because their gastrointestinal tracts are not fully working.as were the Greeks.
Honey is produced as food by the honeybees to sustain them during the winter months. The bees take nectar from flowers, take it to the hive, and, by concentrating it, make honey. It is stored within the hive on structures called combs.
The flavour, aroma and colour of honey differ depending on the flowers from which the bee removed the nectar. Climate, humidity and altitude also have an affect on the characteristics of honey. Clear honey has a weak flavour and aroma. Dark honey is rich in proteins and minerals. Common flavours of honey include orange blossom, tupelo, buckwheat, clover, blackberry, and blueberry. In Australia, the most common honey comes from eucalyptus trees, such as red gum, yellow gum and stringybark. Other countries are also noted for their honey, including Tasmanian leatherwood honey, Greek wild thyme honey, and French lavender and acacia honey.
There are three forms of honey, liquid, partially crystallized and granulated. Honey can be used as a food, preservative, or medicine. As a food, honey is rich in fructose, sucrose and glucose, making it a natural source of energy. Its antioxidant properties make it ideal as a preservative in foods, including meat, poultry and pastry. For about 4,000 years, honey has been used as a medicine. The ancient Egyptians used it for the treatment of wounds. Today it is also used to treat burns and skin ulcers. As a dressing on wounds, it provides a moist healing environment. Honey rapidly clears infection and reduces peyton manning jersey
inflammation. Honey kills bacteria and prevents yeast infections because neither can survive in its low moisture content. Thus wounds are protected from infections and they heal quicker, making skin grafting unnecessary.
Honey diluted with water has been used to treat sore throats and coughs, inflammations, some eye diseases, athlete's foot and fungal diseases, upset stomachs, constipation and diarrhea, cardiovascular disease and cancer. It is also effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as salmonella, and H. pylori, which cause stomach ulcers.
Honey is used extensively in the cosmetics industry in moisturizers, lotions, facial creams and bath and shower products. It is an anti-irritant, making it suitable for sensitive-skin and baby products. Honey is a natural humectant, which means it both attracts and retains moisture. Many hair care products include honey in their basic ingredients.
There are some downsides to honey. Commercially processed honey is filtered and contains few allergens. Raw honey, on the other hand barcelona shirt
, retains a greater amount of pollens and may cause a reaction in people who are allergic to pollen. The reactions are usually small, but severe reactions, although rare, have occurred.
There are also several types of honey which are toxic to humans. Bees can produce "Mad Honey"
Do You Want To Be A Section 8 Landlord?
nfl: There are some great advantages when you are a section 8 landlord:
Do you want to cheap nfl jerseys
become a section 8 landlord? If so, there are many things that you will need to keep in Another thing that you must deal with as a section 8 landlord is the tenants that you will be renting to. Remember, section 8 is cheap, affordable housing that is sometimes in the bad parts of town. This means that you will have to work extra hard to get paid on time each month.
Also, there is a good chance that you may have to evict somebody sooner or later due to late payment or the way they are treating your property.
All in all, you can make money as a section 8 landlord. Just make sure that you know what you are dealing with before you get started.
Download free advice that can help you make great profits as a Landlord:
http://www.freelandlproperty.com/landlord.htm
the back of your mind. The fact of the matter is that there is a lot that goes into being a section 8 landlord. Many people think that this is there way to making money, and it may very well be true.
But when it comes down to it, you will need to be a special type of person to be able to hand the duties of a section 8 landlord. There are many problems that will occur, as well as some obstacles that you may endure during the start up process.
Generally speaking, it is difficult to be a section 8 landlord because of the tenants that you will be dealing with. The fact of the matter is brian urlacher jersey
that people who live in section 8 are not always the most trustworthy or of the highest class.
This is not to say that you will not run into some good people, but if you are going to be a section 8 landlord you need to prepare for the worst.
If you do not you may find out early on that being a section 8 landlord is not right for you. And if you find this out too late you could be in for a tough time.
When dealing with section 8 housing you need to take a few details into consideration. First off, as a section 8 landlord you will probably not have the best buildings in the world. But with that being said, you still have to make sure that you take care of it up to the proper standards. If you do not do this, you may end up in deep tr Liverpool shirt
ouble. Just because you are dealing with section 8 housing does not mean that you do not have to keep the building up to code.
Do you want to cheap nfl jerseys
become a section 8 landlord? If so, there are many things that you will need to keep in Another thing that you must deal with as a section 8 landlord is the tenants that you will be renting to. Remember, section 8 is cheap, affordable housing that is sometimes in the bad parts of town. This means that you will have to work extra hard to get paid on time each month.
Also, there is a good chance that you may have to evict somebody sooner or later due to late payment or the way they are treating your property.
All in all, you can make money as a section 8 landlord. Just make sure that you know what you are dealing with before you get started.
Download free advice that can help you make great profits as a Landlord:
http://www.freelandlproperty.com/landlord.htm
the back of your mind. The fact of the matter is that there is a lot that goes into being a section 8 landlord. Many people think that this is there way to making money, and it may very well be true.
But when it comes down to it, you will need to be a special type of person to be able to hand the duties of a section 8 landlord. There are many problems that will occur, as well as some obstacles that you may endure during the start up process.
Generally speaking, it is difficult to be a section 8 landlord because of the tenants that you will be dealing with. The fact of the matter is brian urlacher jersey
that people who live in section 8 are not always the most trustworthy or of the highest class.
This is not to say that you will not run into some good people, but if you are going to be a section 8 landlord you need to prepare for the worst.
If you do not you may find out early on that being a section 8 landlord is not right for you. And if you find this out too late you could be in for a tough time.
When dealing with section 8 housing you need to take a few details into consideration. First off, as a section 8 landlord you will probably not have the best buildings in the world. But with that being said, you still have to make sure that you take care of it up to the proper standards. If you do not do this, you may end up in deep tr Liverpool shirt
ouble. Just because you are dealing with section 8 housing does not mean that you do not have to keep the building up to code.
Affiliate Marketing Tactics – Successful Banner Advertising
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Affilia cheap nfl jerseys
te Advertising banner saturation – avoid websites, overcrowded by advertisement; aim at good balance between editorial? content and advertisement as users
CPC – the lower, the better – of course, met the rest of the criteria
Competitive products advertisement – Lidango marketers advice to avoid placing banners on websites, advertising competitive products
Designing the Banner
When designing the right Banner for your campaign, an advertiser should aim to compose the right mixture of graphics and text, making sure that the result will both appeal to the desired audience, and promt it to act. The banner should:
Attrackt attention, in order to divert visitors from the main content of the site
Arouse interest, so that visitors would like to find out more about the product advertised
Give sufficient information about the advertised product, so that customers are not misled
Fit both the message that the advertiser wants to convey, and the atmosphere of the media it is in.
marketing is one of the most perspective businesses to make money online. Affiliate marketing mix includes own tools and methods as well as techniques of traditional online advertising – banner marketing, blog marketing, e-mail marketing, SEO, article marketing, etc. Banner advertising is recognized as one of the most successful tools of affiliate marketing. The placement of advertising banner of the advertiser on the website of the affiliate is a part of Display Marketing. When clicking on the advertising banner, user is redirected to a promotional landing page, where he/ she is able to complete a specific action – could be a sale, a registration, etc. to receive commission for. Banners most commonly consist of graphics and text, designed to attract visitor's attention and provoke to action. chester taylor jersey
The customer must click on them to be directed towards the advertiser's website in order to proceed to buy a product. Banner advertising could provoke excellent conversion rates, if done right.Experts from Lidango - one of the fastest developing global affiliate marketing networks, are revealing the most important issues of the successful banner campaign.The first step is to define your objectives. Clearly outline the product/set of products you want to sell, the people/businesses you want to sell them to - the target audience, the volume of sales you project, as well as the budget you have to fit into.Next, knowing all of the above, try to formulate a strategy, that most efficiently will help you meet your objectives. Some of the questions that pend for an answer are: Where to place the banners, so that they reach the desired audience? What should the banner consist of, so that it generates sales? Lidango Display Advertising Planners and Designers help us adress these issues below:Choosing the right MediaPlanning your banner campaign, you have to first carefully choose the media to use. You have to choose the most appropriate websites to place your banners? to achieve maximum conversions. Lidango marketers recommend to identify the most appropriate media according to Liverpool shirt
the following criteria:
Volume of incoming traffic – ther higher, the better.
Relevance of website users to target audience – you need to advertise on websites, your target group visits
Affilia cheap nfl jerseys
te Advertising banner saturation – avoid websites, overcrowded by advertisement; aim at good balance between editorial? content and advertisement as users
CPC – the lower, the better – of course, met the rest of the criteria
Competitive products advertisement – Lidango marketers advice to avoid placing banners on websites, advertising competitive products
Designing the Banner
When designing the right Banner for your campaign, an advertiser should aim to compose the right mixture of graphics and text, making sure that the result will both appeal to the desired audience, and promt it to act. The banner should:
Attrackt attention, in order to divert visitors from the main content of the site
Arouse interest, so that visitors would like to find out more about the product advertised
Give sufficient information about the advertised product, so that customers are not misled
Fit both the message that the advertiser wants to convey, and the atmosphere of the media it is in.
marketing is one of the most perspective businesses to make money online. Affiliate marketing mix includes own tools and methods as well as techniques of traditional online advertising – banner marketing, blog marketing, e-mail marketing, SEO, article marketing, etc. Banner advertising is recognized as one of the most successful tools of affiliate marketing. The placement of advertising banner of the advertiser on the website of the affiliate is a part of Display Marketing. When clicking on the advertising banner, user is redirected to a promotional landing page, where he/ she is able to complete a specific action – could be a sale, a registration, etc. to receive commission for. Banners most commonly consist of graphics and text, designed to attract visitor's attention and provoke to action. chester taylor jersey
The customer must click on them to be directed towards the advertiser's website in order to proceed to buy a product. Banner advertising could provoke excellent conversion rates, if done right.Experts from Lidango - one of the fastest developing global affiliate marketing networks, are revealing the most important issues of the successful banner campaign.The first step is to define your objectives. Clearly outline the product/set of products you want to sell, the people/businesses you want to sell them to - the target audience, the volume of sales you project, as well as the budget you have to fit into.Next, knowing all of the above, try to formulate a strategy, that most efficiently will help you meet your objectives. Some of the questions that pend for an answer are: Where to place the banners, so that they reach the desired audience? What should the banner consist of, so that it generates sales? Lidango Display Advertising Planners and Designers help us adress these issues below:Choosing the right MediaPlanning your banner campaign, you have to first carefully choose the media to use. You have to choose the most appropriate websites to place your banners? to achieve maximum conversions. Lidango marketers recommend to identify the most appropriate media according to Liverpool shirt
the following criteria:
Volume of incoming traffic – ther higher, the better.
Relevance of website users to target audience – you need to advertise on websites, your target group visits
Do You Want To Be A Section 8 Landlord?
nfl: There are some great advantages when you are a section 8 landlord:
Do you want to cheap nfl jerseys
become a section 8 landlord? If so, there are many things that you will need to keep in When dealing with section 8 housing you need to take a few details into consideration. First off, as a section 8 landlord you will probably not have the best buildings in the world. But with that being said, you still have to make sure that you take care of it up to the proper standards. If you do not do this, you may end up in deep trouble. Just because you are dealing with section 8 housing does not mean that you do not have to keep the building up to code.
Another thing that you must deal with as a section 8 landlord is the tenants that you will be renting to. Remember, section 8 is cheap, affordable housing that is sometimes in the bad parts of town. This means that you will have to work extra hard to get paid on time each month.
Also, there is a good chance that you may have to evict somebody sooner or later due to late payment or the way they are treating your property.
All in all, you can make money as a section 8 landlord. Just make sure that you know what you are dealing with before you get started.
Download free advice that can help jay cutler jersey
you make great profits as a Landlord:
http://www.freelandlproperty.com/landlord.htm
the back of your mind. The fact of the matter is that there is a lot that goes into being a section 8 landlord. Many people think that this is there way to making money, and it may very well be true.
But when it comes down to it, you will need to be a special type of person to be able to hand the duties of a section 8 landlord. There are many problems that will occur, as well as some obstacles that you may endure during the start up process.
Generally speaking, it is difficult to be a section 8 landlord because of the tenants that you will be dealing with. The fact of the matter is that people who live in section 8 are not always the most trustworthy or of the highest class.
This is not to say that you will not run into some good people, but if you are going to be a section 8 landlord you need to prepare for the Liverpool jersey
worst.
If you do not you may find out early on that being a section 8 landlord is not right for you. And if you find this out too late you could be in for a tough time.
Do you want to cheap nfl jerseys
become a section 8 landlord? If so, there are many things that you will need to keep in When dealing with section 8 housing you need to take a few details into consideration. First off, as a section 8 landlord you will probably not have the best buildings in the world. But with that being said, you still have to make sure that you take care of it up to the proper standards. If you do not do this, you may end up in deep trouble. Just because you are dealing with section 8 housing does not mean that you do not have to keep the building up to code.
Another thing that you must deal with as a section 8 landlord is the tenants that you will be renting to. Remember, section 8 is cheap, affordable housing that is sometimes in the bad parts of town. This means that you will have to work extra hard to get paid on time each month.
Also, there is a good chance that you may have to evict somebody sooner or later due to late payment or the way they are treating your property.
All in all, you can make money as a section 8 landlord. Just make sure that you know what you are dealing with before you get started.
Download free advice that can help jay cutler jersey
you make great profits as a Landlord:
http://www.freelandlproperty.com/landlord.htm
the back of your mind. The fact of the matter is that there is a lot that goes into being a section 8 landlord. Many people think that this is there way to making money, and it may very well be true.
But when it comes down to it, you will need to be a special type of person to be able to hand the duties of a section 8 landlord. There are many problems that will occur, as well as some obstacles that you may endure during the start up process.
Generally speaking, it is difficult to be a section 8 landlord because of the tenants that you will be dealing with. The fact of the matter is that people who live in section 8 are not always the most trustworthy or of the highest class.
This is not to say that you will not run into some good people, but if you are going to be a section 8 landlord you need to prepare for the Liverpool jersey
worst.
If you do not you may find out early on that being a section 8 landlord is not right for you. And if you find this out too late you could be in for a tough time.
How to Drive the Right Traffic from Social Networking Sites
nfl: Social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and bookmarking sites such as Digg and del.icio. social cheap nfl jerseys
bookmarking and networking sites automatically. This needs to be taken into consideration when planning your social network popularity.
Make your site ready to connect followers. You must be sure that your social networking sites must contain your profile information and your website URL. Every website pages you have must cover social networking icons with title "Follow Me" so visitors will not be hard up and they can continually receive information or connect with you on your Facebook, Twitter or LinkedIn pages.
Your business will surely be known dallas clark jersey
by formulating a strategic plan for your link popularity and establishing social networking sites. Taking into consideration the strategies, techniques and tips mentioned above will produce considerable amount of inbound links with high quality to your website. In no time, you will be surprised to see the page ranking of your website.us play a vital role in establishing the number of times your website was found. Each major networking site definitely holds a high page ranking, furthermore these sites are the most trafficked sites online. Being on the first pages of any search results listing entails specific link-building, social networking activity, inbound links quality and regular updates and posts from your website.
Your mission is to start a strategic plan for drive the right traffic from these social networking sites. Use the tips below.
Enhance the number of postings to any site associated to your content. These sites will in turn form an added excellent quality inbound l arsenal jersey
ink that point to your website.
Utilize free tools online that can make the social networking procedure a lot simple and faster. Tools like HootSuite, Pingomatic, and Ping.fm permit your single post to be sent to 25 up to 100
bookmarking and networking sites automatically. This needs to be taken into consideration when planning your social network popularity.
Make your site ready to connect followers. You must be sure that your social networking sites must contain your profile information and your website URL. Every website pages you have must cover social networking icons with title "Follow Me" so visitors will not be hard up and they can continually receive information or connect with you on your Facebook, Twitter or LinkedIn pages.
Your business will surely be known dallas clark jersey
by formulating a strategic plan for your link popularity and establishing social networking sites. Taking into consideration the strategies, techniques and tips mentioned above will produce considerable amount of inbound links with high quality to your website. In no time, you will be surprised to see the page ranking of your website.us play a vital role in establishing the number of times your website was found. Each major networking site definitely holds a high page ranking, furthermore these sites are the most trafficked sites online. Being on the first pages of any search results listing entails specific link-building, social networking activity, inbound links quality and regular updates and posts from your website.
Your mission is to start a strategic plan for drive the right traffic from these social networking sites. Use the tips below.
Enhance the number of postings to any site associated to your content. These sites will in turn form an added excellent quality inbound l arsenal jersey
ink that point to your website.
Utilize free tools online that can make the social networking procedure a lot simple and faster. Tools like HootSuite, Pingomatic, and Ping.fm permit your single post to be sent to 25 up to 100
Hot Christmas Toys for 2010 for Boys, Girls, Teens, Toddlers and more
nfl: Welcome to the best?Christmas gift ideas?for quick holiday shopping on the internet. No more worrying about cheap nfl jerseys
holiday traffic while your on the search for gifts, and no more waiting an hour in checkout watching it (the DVD). People always like new gadgets, and this is no different!
Kindle
This is new fad on the internet which is quite popular amongst readers. The Kindle lets you load a lot of digital books, and I emphasize a lot, onto a single reader. You could literally have your entire library at the palm of your hand. This is great for people who want something to read while on the go.
Digital Camera
This is a gift that anyone would love! It's a great idea for anyone wishing to take memories with them, or it even makes a great gift for those looking to be amateur photographers!
Gaming System
There are games that would interest both men and women, boys and girls, so this would be a safe bet if your trying to get something that is gender neutral!
Magazines
There are plenty of magazines out there that don't cater to a particular gender, such as the National Geographic. That has been a hit magazine for a very long time.
Stocking Stuffers
Stockings?have been a traditional Christmas idea for a very long time, and it's always a great way to warm up right before the main gift giving event happens! The following list is to give you some ideas of what particular items would go great in a stocking. Also, if your feeling slightly evil, you may want to consider tossing in somegag gifts?into the stocking as well. lanes. You can do all of your Christmas shopping straight from your chair at www.HotChristmasToyStore.com. These items are all from bestseller lists, so you'll know what your getting will be gifts they'll love, and at prices you can't beat.
Gifts for the Entire Family
Before we get into each individual age group, let's start by looking at the best gifts for the entire family. This is usually a time as well as money saver, especially if your looking to make several people happy with a single gift!
Nintendo Wii
The first thing on our list, and it's a great addition to any home, is the Nintendo Wii. Your thinking, why a video game system? Just listen! The Wii has a large variety of games on it that will suit the needs of all age groups, and it's pretty cheap itself. On top of that you'll get your loved ones the valuable exercise that they need by getting Wii Fit. This is a great way to slip in a method to give your family exercise where they least expect it! Stay healthy, play the Wii!
Personal Computer
This is always a great addition to your household. Aside from all the fun and enjoyment of staying connected with friends and family online, it's also a useful tool to become computer literate, as well as a great way for children to do school research. On top of that, it's also also a great way to play video games. Think of a personal computer as a all-in-one present.
Household Movie Projector
Have you ever considered turning a blank wall in your home into a theater? This is a new craze these days due to the low cost of the projectors. I do recommend getting some type of sound system for your theater too!
Board Games
This is a low costing solution to those on a budget, yet still want to purchase a gift that involves the entire family! Two games come to mind, and they are both some of the bestselling games out there. They are Settlers of Catan and Apples to Apples. The Settlers of Catan game is a good one, my brother picked it up and we've played several times with my dad and other brother (4 players). Apples to Apples is game about making comparisons between different things, it's highly entertaining for a group of people.
Video games are a popular item among people of all ages, and these would make great gifts for just about anyone, both men and women, and boys and girls. There is plenty of action for everyone! I wasn't going to make this it's own section, but due to the amount of information I had create it. Enjoy!
Gaming Console
I bet you already knew, huh? Boys and girls just love their video games, that is certainly nothing new! It's basically a toss-up between the Xbox 360, the Playstation 3 (PS3), and the Nintendo Wii. At this point your at a crossroads since you may have no idea which system to buy, so I'll try to be a bit helpful with your decision. Out of the three, the PS3 is the most powerful system as well as includes a built-in Blu-Ray player which may save you in the long run. The Xbox 360 is another powerful system, and it features a normal DVD player. The Nintendo Wii is the most affordable system, but the system itself isn't that powerful, it's just fun and friendly, especially when entire families are playing it.
Xbox 360 - If you don't feel like spending a lot of money for the PS3, yet want to get a gift that is both popular as well as powerful, get the Xbox 360. This can play regular movie DVD's as well. You need to pay for Xbox Live membership if you want to play online games, it's not too expensive though. Also the online gameplay is pretty smooth and clear.
Playstation 3 (PS3) - Get this if you don't mind spending extra money. You may end up saving in the long run since your child may sooner or later want a Blu-Ray player, and this comes with one. The PS3 let's you play online for free, if you have broadband internet already.
Wii - If you know the boy wants a gaming system and you don't have one yet, and at the same time you don't have the money to burn for the more powerful and expensive systems, this is the best that your going to get.
I'm a pretty hardcore video gamer as well, and I may be a bit bias when I say that it's more likely that your boy will enjoy the Xbox 360 or the PS3 the most. The Wii is a fun system, but it's processors are not the most powerful and it makes the graphics not as good. I suppose the best rule of thumb would be this, just ask "What type of gaming system does your friends have?" and most likely they'll answer it, and at the same time it's not directly telling them that your getting him one. *** The game consoles I listed are bundles, which means they come with games. I did this on purpose just in case you forgot to get your boy a game and only the system, which at that point is pretty pointless! Just looking out for you!?
Christmas Gift Ideas for Babies
We're going to start with babies, and then work our way up from there. There are lots of baby gift ideas out there, the only problem is, is which is right for the baby that you are buying for? Let's have a look at what's on the bestseller lists, perhaps something will tickle your fancy.
Baby Nurse Call Monitor
Your probably a bit confused by this, but don't worry! This is a great gift for those who are expecting, or perhaps a couple with a recent newborn who is trying to gather the much-needed baby supplies. This makes a useful gift, and one that the baby would appreciate!
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether
This item which is made from 100% rubber and food paint is the perfect gift for a baby who is just beginning to teethe, after all it's part toy and part child development all rolled into one.
Baby Einstein Take Along Tunes
What better way to promote auditory development than letting your baby sing-along with 7 high quality classical melodies! From reading the reviews, this item has proven to be quite popular among new parents!
Cloud b Twilight Constellation Night Light
This has over 860 responses on Amazon, it's quite popular! Think of this as a stuffed animal that has another use, it's also a nightlight! The shell glows in 3 soothing colors, and five endangered sea animals illuminate one at a time.
LeapFrog Learn & Groove
Inspire your baby with learning over 40 songs and 15 activities, such as tap, slide, roll, or spin. It introduces shapes, numbers, and counting, as well as features legs that attach to the table as the baby grows.
Stuffed Animals with Soothing Sounds
This is an excellent gift for those wishing to help their babies sleep better, which allows helps the parents sleep better as well! There are many different types of stuffed animals that play soothing songs, but we're only going to show a few on this list (the bestsellers) to give you some ideas.
Kiddopotamus SwaddleMe
To go along with the stuffed animals with soothing songs, a good gift would be a blanket that is both snug and fitting, so that it can keep your baby warm at night while he/she listens to soothing songs. As your baby grows the wings can adjust for size and comfort. There are many, many more of these types of blankets, we're only going to show you the one on the top of the list.
Little Super Star Classical Stacker
Have you ever noticed just how many of these stackers you see in houses with babies? This is almost a necessity these days, isn't it? I wasn't surprised seeing this high up on the list, wasn't surprised at all. If your baby doesn't have one of these yet, this would make a great gift!
Gift Ideas for Boys
This is when it starts getting tough, since your asking yourself "What does my boy want this Christmas?" and your mental wheel is just spinning. You don't know, do you? Hopefully this list will give you some ideas for what to get for Christmas! You should be able to find something, since this is only the bestselling items and that itself should say something.
Nerf
There are so many Nerf toys out there that it's hard to pick what exactly your boy would want. So, with that I just picked the top two of the bestselling Nerf toys to hopefully point you in the right direction.
Lego
This has always been a very popular toy over the years, and still remains very popular even today. Due to the shear amount of Lego toys out there, as I'm pretty sure you know, I'm only going to list the top few, otherwise you'll be spending the next twenty four hours just browsing Lego toys!
Handheld Gaming System
There are two handheld gaming systems that are quite popular, the first is the Nintendo DS, which stands for Nintendo Dual-Screen. The next is the PSP, which stands for the Playstation Portable. To be honest, it's hard to?pick between the two, but on the bright side I have no doubt whichever one you buy your son will be quite happy!
Remote Control Vehicles
I remember growing up and having a remote control monster truck called Big Bubba. It was one of the most memorable experiences growing up, the only downside was when I drove it into a lake, that was no fun. I guess we all learn the hard way! I'm only going to show the top two bestsellers since there are so many to choose from. The number one bestseller is a remote control helicopter which I remember seeing an add for, it has plenty of good reviews of it too and it's also cheap.
Scooters
A scooter is always a good gift. Why? Because it gets the boy outside for exercise and fresh air! I had one of these two while growing up, and I remember always having a tough time choosing between this and my bike. This would make an excellent gift that is both fun and healthy!
Gift Ideas for Girls
Finding the right gifts for pre-teen girls isn't easy, since their now starting to blossom into young ladies their needs are a bit complex. With the help and input of my friends (notably the female friends) as well as going through the internet and searching bestsellers lists, I've compiled a list of what pre-teen girls would like for gifts. Also, don't forget that?girls like video games too!
Scooters
Since we left off with Scooters for boys, we'll start that with girls (We're already on the page). This is the number one pick for scooters for girls, and it's reasonably priced so that helps a lot too. This is both fun as well as keeps your girls healthy and fit!
Bracelet Making Kits
You can't go wrong with this one! Friends get together and enjoy some fun arts and crafts with a bracelet making kit. There are several kits out there, but this one is the first on the bestsellers list, as well as had high rankings.
Stamp Sets
This would make a wonderful addition to the bracelet making kit, you could even have an arts and crafts theme for the holidays. It comes with it's own storage box, so clean-up should be a breeze.
Easy Bake Oven
You knew this one was going to be listed, didn't you? I bet you did! I remember seeing commercials for this as I was growing up, and I even remember trying some Easy Bake brownies at a friends, which to my surprise were quite good! If you do pick this up, I recommend getting additional mixes because you know the ones that come with the oven will disappear quite fast.
Barbie
Did you know that Barbie has Twilight movie dolls? I didn't, until I looked up the bestselling barbies and noticed that Bella, Jacob, and Edward dolls were on the top of the list. I suppose it makes sense due to the movie's popularity. If she likes Twilight, I have no doubt she'll appreciate these gifts!
Stickers
If there is one thing that I've noticed while growing up, is that girls love their stickers. They put them on everything, such as their folders, their notebooks, their diaries, and more. I think this would make a great low costing gift.
Coloring Books
This would greatly compliment the stickers up above, don't you agree? They color their pictures and then after put stickers on them! Coloring books are always great for those who wish to express themselves in the form of art.
Apple Ipod
Does she have a love of music? One of the best gifts you can get is a portable music device, such as Apple's Ipod. They are pretty affordable these days and are great for when she is on the go.
Gifts Ideas for Teen Boys
When boys start getting into their teens, it starts to become quite easy and also very difficult to get them the right gifts. Usually?video games?are a huge hit still, and quite possibly stay a hit all the way up until their an adult. But, aside from that there are quite a few things that are must-haves for teenage boys! Just remember, teenage boys want to be cool, so only buy things that will go with that image (their definition of cool, not yours).
Electric Guitar
Playing the electric guitar is often considered the hip and cool thing to do when your a teenager, especially a young teen. If someone asks you "Do you play the guitar?" you can respond with "Oh.. yeaa..." which could potentially add some popularity points for you. Aside from that, it's a healthy expression of the soul and quite enjoyable too. This would make a good gift for anyone who is interested in music.
Ipod
I did feature this already for the girls category, but this is the time period in a young man's life that it's considered "cool" to have an Ipod. Besides, if they go out running for track, or biking for fun, an Ipod could be very useful!
Hit Video Games
You may want to check around for the latest video games that are considered smash hits. Often, you can just call up a local store and ask them "What is the latest and most popular game title for [insert your console system here]?" and they will respond with three to four titles for you to choose from. Remember, teenage boys love their action and bloodshed, so the more the merrier!
Laptop
This is the period in a teenager's life where it's important to have their own personal computers. In today's world, a laptop would suit them while they are constantly on the go. Also, at the same time whenever they go off to college they will already have a laptop so you won't have to buy them another one! I do recommend getting one that is capable of playing video games quite well, otherwise you may hear them complain about it.
Sports Gear
A lot of teenage boys are very active, but I'm pretty sure you know that already. They are always into some type of sports activity, and what better way to contribute is to get them some sports gear! The great thing about this is that it's usually pretty affordable too. Please note, be sure they are into sports to begin with, otherwise whatever you buy them may sit on the shelf for the next ten years.
Movies
This has always been a very successful and low costing method of getting gifts for people. Usually you can spend under $20 to get someone a movie they may like. A good rule of thumb is to keep track of the blockbuster hits, and you can by just going to an online movie retailer and sorting it by most rented or most viewed and that should give you an idea of which movie to buy (the most popular). Remember, you want to get him a cool movie.
Board & Card Games
Both board and card games both are very enjoyable as well as usually come with a cheap price tag. Since there are so many board and?card games, I'm going to show you only one of each to give you some ideas. These are great gift ideas to beef up your gift giving selection!
Gift Ideas for Teen Girls
Just like teen boys, teen girls are matt forte jersey
equally as difficult to buy for. This is where having several trustworthy friends (girls) come in handy, as well as doing a bit of research on the bestselling lists in regards to what teenage girls buy. Oh, and yes, teenage girls do play plenty of?video games?as well!?
Magazines
A lot of teenage girls read magazines, and there are plenty out there to pick from. Due to the competition of the internet and paper magazines, it's driven the printed magazine's price way down, and I mean, really far down. You can get a year subscription for next to nothing these days, and it's worth checking out.
Cell Phone
Yes, that's right! You know girls during their teen years are gossip and text-mongers! Your best bet is to get them a cell phone that comes with a slide keyboard, such as the Rumor or Rant. You know they will appreciate this gift, and you know that it will get a tremendous amount of use.
Girly Movies
I don't mean to label them like this, but it's the best way to quickly get the idea across! Usually teenage girls love movies about relationships and love, and getting them a couple for Christmas would be a great idea!
Diary
Girls love to talk, but they also love to write notes to each other, doodle, and write down secret crushes in their diaries. This is a great gift that I have no doubt will get some use.
Posters
You can't go wrong with posters, although if you get movie star posters I would suggest that you find out who her favorite crushes are concerning movie stars, you wouldn't want to get the wrong one!
Gift Cards
You know that females love their shopping, and getting them gift cards will make them dance around in glee as they consider what their going to spend their gift cards on. This is also great for those that just don't know what to get their kids, what a loophole!
Webcam
Teenagers love staying in touch, posting their newest images on their Facebook, and much more. A webcam can can do both of those, they can talk live with their friends, as well as take screenshots (images) and upload them to Facebook.
Makeup & Lotion
You know that being a woman you need to look pretty, ever thought of giving some gifts such as makeup or skin lotion? There is a lot of different products to choose from, so I listed the top two in regards to makeup and skin lotion. But, you get the idea.
Universal Gifts
You may want to consider getting some universal gifts, just in case you forget someone you can quickly wrap something up and give it to them. All the items here are gender and age neutral, so go wild!
Gift Cards
This is about as gender neutral as you can get! They decide what they want to buy, if it's a male they can go buy their share of gory movies, and if it's a gal they can go buy their favorite perfumes. Your not restricted to what you can buy!
Candy Gift Sets
Usually person loves candy, and there Roma jersey
are plenty of candy gift sets out there to fill anyone's tummy full of sweet goodness!
Video Players
These are gender neutral as well, since it's what goes on the inside is what determines who is
holiday traffic while your on the search for gifts, and no more waiting an hour in checkout watching it (the DVD). People always like new gadgets, and this is no different!
Kindle
This is new fad on the internet which is quite popular amongst readers. The Kindle lets you load a lot of digital books, and I emphasize a lot, onto a single reader. You could literally have your entire library at the palm of your hand. This is great for people who want something to read while on the go.
Digital Camera
This is a gift that anyone would love! It's a great idea for anyone wishing to take memories with them, or it even makes a great gift for those looking to be amateur photographers!
Gaming System
There are games that would interest both men and women, boys and girls, so this would be a safe bet if your trying to get something that is gender neutral!
Magazines
There are plenty of magazines out there that don't cater to a particular gender, such as the National Geographic. That has been a hit magazine for a very long time.
Stocking Stuffers
Stockings?have been a traditional Christmas idea for a very long time, and it's always a great way to warm up right before the main gift giving event happens! The following list is to give you some ideas of what particular items would go great in a stocking. Also, if your feeling slightly evil, you may want to consider tossing in somegag gifts?into the stocking as well. lanes. You can do all of your Christmas shopping straight from your chair at www.HotChristmasToyStore.com. These items are all from bestseller lists, so you'll know what your getting will be gifts they'll love, and at prices you can't beat.
Gifts for the Entire Family
Before we get into each individual age group, let's start by looking at the best gifts for the entire family. This is usually a time as well as money saver, especially if your looking to make several people happy with a single gift!
Nintendo Wii
The first thing on our list, and it's a great addition to any home, is the Nintendo Wii. Your thinking, why a video game system? Just listen! The Wii has a large variety of games on it that will suit the needs of all age groups, and it's pretty cheap itself. On top of that you'll get your loved ones the valuable exercise that they need by getting Wii Fit. This is a great way to slip in a method to give your family exercise where they least expect it! Stay healthy, play the Wii!
Personal Computer
This is always a great addition to your household. Aside from all the fun and enjoyment of staying connected with friends and family online, it's also a useful tool to become computer literate, as well as a great way for children to do school research. On top of that, it's also also a great way to play video games. Think of a personal computer as a all-in-one present.
Household Movie Projector
Have you ever considered turning a blank wall in your home into a theater? This is a new craze these days due to the low cost of the projectors. I do recommend getting some type of sound system for your theater too!
Board Games
This is a low costing solution to those on a budget, yet still want to purchase a gift that involves the entire family! Two games come to mind, and they are both some of the bestselling games out there. They are Settlers of Catan and Apples to Apples. The Settlers of Catan game is a good one, my brother picked it up and we've played several times with my dad and other brother (4 players). Apples to Apples is game about making comparisons between different things, it's highly entertaining for a group of people.
Video games are a popular item among people of all ages, and these would make great gifts for just about anyone, both men and women, and boys and girls. There is plenty of action for everyone! I wasn't going to make this it's own section, but due to the amount of information I had create it. Enjoy!
Gaming Console
I bet you already knew, huh? Boys and girls just love their video games, that is certainly nothing new! It's basically a toss-up between the Xbox 360, the Playstation 3 (PS3), and the Nintendo Wii. At this point your at a crossroads since you may have no idea which system to buy, so I'll try to be a bit helpful with your decision. Out of the three, the PS3 is the most powerful system as well as includes a built-in Blu-Ray player which may save you in the long run. The Xbox 360 is another powerful system, and it features a normal DVD player. The Nintendo Wii is the most affordable system, but the system itself isn't that powerful, it's just fun and friendly, especially when entire families are playing it.
Xbox 360 - If you don't feel like spending a lot of money for the PS3, yet want to get a gift that is both popular as well as powerful, get the Xbox 360. This can play regular movie DVD's as well. You need to pay for Xbox Live membership if you want to play online games, it's not too expensive though. Also the online gameplay is pretty smooth and clear.
Playstation 3 (PS3) - Get this if you don't mind spending extra money. You may end up saving in the long run since your child may sooner or later want a Blu-Ray player, and this comes with one. The PS3 let's you play online for free, if you have broadband internet already.
Wii - If you know the boy wants a gaming system and you don't have one yet, and at the same time you don't have the money to burn for the more powerful and expensive systems, this is the best that your going to get.
I'm a pretty hardcore video gamer as well, and I may be a bit bias when I say that it's more likely that your boy will enjoy the Xbox 360 or the PS3 the most. The Wii is a fun system, but it's processors are not the most powerful and it makes the graphics not as good. I suppose the best rule of thumb would be this, just ask "What type of gaming system does your friends have?" and most likely they'll answer it, and at the same time it's not directly telling them that your getting him one. *** The game consoles I listed are bundles, which means they come with games. I did this on purpose just in case you forgot to get your boy a game and only the system, which at that point is pretty pointless! Just looking out for you!?
Christmas Gift Ideas for Babies
We're going to start with babies, and then work our way up from there. There are lots of baby gift ideas out there, the only problem is, is which is right for the baby that you are buying for? Let's have a look at what's on the bestseller lists, perhaps something will tickle your fancy.
Baby Nurse Call Monitor
Your probably a bit confused by this, but don't worry! This is a great gift for those who are expecting, or perhaps a couple with a recent newborn who is trying to gather the much-needed baby supplies. This makes a useful gift, and one that the baby would appreciate!
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether
This item which is made from 100% rubber and food paint is the perfect gift for a baby who is just beginning to teethe, after all it's part toy and part child development all rolled into one.
Baby Einstein Take Along Tunes
What better way to promote auditory development than letting your baby sing-along with 7 high quality classical melodies! From reading the reviews, this item has proven to be quite popular among new parents!
Cloud b Twilight Constellation Night Light
This has over 860 responses on Amazon, it's quite popular! Think of this as a stuffed animal that has another use, it's also a nightlight! The shell glows in 3 soothing colors, and five endangered sea animals illuminate one at a time.
LeapFrog Learn & Groove
Inspire your baby with learning over 40 songs and 15 activities, such as tap, slide, roll, or spin. It introduces shapes, numbers, and counting, as well as features legs that attach to the table as the baby grows.
Stuffed Animals with Soothing Sounds
This is an excellent gift for those wishing to help their babies sleep better, which allows helps the parents sleep better as well! There are many different types of stuffed animals that play soothing songs, but we're only going to show a few on this list (the bestsellers) to give you some ideas.
Kiddopotamus SwaddleMe
To go along with the stuffed animals with soothing songs, a good gift would be a blanket that is both snug and fitting, so that it can keep your baby warm at night while he/she listens to soothing songs. As your baby grows the wings can adjust for size and comfort. There are many, many more of these types of blankets, we're only going to show you the one on the top of the list.
Little Super Star Classical Stacker
Have you ever noticed just how many of these stackers you see in houses with babies? This is almost a necessity these days, isn't it? I wasn't surprised seeing this high up on the list, wasn't surprised at all. If your baby doesn't have one of these yet, this would make a great gift!
Gift Ideas for Boys
This is when it starts getting tough, since your asking yourself "What does my boy want this Christmas?" and your mental wheel is just spinning. You don't know, do you? Hopefully this list will give you some ideas for what to get for Christmas! You should be able to find something, since this is only the bestselling items and that itself should say something.
Nerf
There are so many Nerf toys out there that it's hard to pick what exactly your boy would want. So, with that I just picked the top two of the bestselling Nerf toys to hopefully point you in the right direction.
Lego
This has always been a very popular toy over the years, and still remains very popular even today. Due to the shear amount of Lego toys out there, as I'm pretty sure you know, I'm only going to list the top few, otherwise you'll be spending the next twenty four hours just browsing Lego toys!
Handheld Gaming System
There are two handheld gaming systems that are quite popular, the first is the Nintendo DS, which stands for Nintendo Dual-Screen. The next is the PSP, which stands for the Playstation Portable. To be honest, it's hard to?pick between the two, but on the bright side I have no doubt whichever one you buy your son will be quite happy!
Remote Control Vehicles
I remember growing up and having a remote control monster truck called Big Bubba. It was one of the most memorable experiences growing up, the only downside was when I drove it into a lake, that was no fun. I guess we all learn the hard way! I'm only going to show the top two bestsellers since there are so many to choose from. The number one bestseller is a remote control helicopter which I remember seeing an add for, it has plenty of good reviews of it too and it's also cheap.
Scooters
A scooter is always a good gift. Why? Because it gets the boy outside for exercise and fresh air! I had one of these two while growing up, and I remember always having a tough time choosing between this and my bike. This would make an excellent gift that is both fun and healthy!
Gift Ideas for Girls
Finding the right gifts for pre-teen girls isn't easy, since their now starting to blossom into young ladies their needs are a bit complex. With the help and input of my friends (notably the female friends) as well as going through the internet and searching bestsellers lists, I've compiled a list of what pre-teen girls would like for gifts. Also, don't forget that?girls like video games too!
Scooters
Since we left off with Scooters for boys, we'll start that with girls (We're already on the page). This is the number one pick for scooters for girls, and it's reasonably priced so that helps a lot too. This is both fun as well as keeps your girls healthy and fit!
Bracelet Making Kits
You can't go wrong with this one! Friends get together and enjoy some fun arts and crafts with a bracelet making kit. There are several kits out there, but this one is the first on the bestsellers list, as well as had high rankings.
Stamp Sets
This would make a wonderful addition to the bracelet making kit, you could even have an arts and crafts theme for the holidays. It comes with it's own storage box, so clean-up should be a breeze.
Easy Bake Oven
You knew this one was going to be listed, didn't you? I bet you did! I remember seeing commercials for this as I was growing up, and I even remember trying some Easy Bake brownies at a friends, which to my surprise were quite good! If you do pick this up, I recommend getting additional mixes because you know the ones that come with the oven will disappear quite fast.
Barbie
Did you know that Barbie has Twilight movie dolls? I didn't, until I looked up the bestselling barbies and noticed that Bella, Jacob, and Edward dolls were on the top of the list. I suppose it makes sense due to the movie's popularity. If she likes Twilight, I have no doubt she'll appreciate these gifts!
Stickers
If there is one thing that I've noticed while growing up, is that girls love their stickers. They put them on everything, such as their folders, their notebooks, their diaries, and more. I think this would make a great low costing gift.
Coloring Books
This would greatly compliment the stickers up above, don't you agree? They color their pictures and then after put stickers on them! Coloring books are always great for those who wish to express themselves in the form of art.
Apple Ipod
Does she have a love of music? One of the best gifts you can get is a portable music device, such as Apple's Ipod. They are pretty affordable these days and are great for when she is on the go.
Gifts Ideas for Teen Boys
When boys start getting into their teens, it starts to become quite easy and also very difficult to get them the right gifts. Usually?video games?are a huge hit still, and quite possibly stay a hit all the way up until their an adult. But, aside from that there are quite a few things that are must-haves for teenage boys! Just remember, teenage boys want to be cool, so only buy things that will go with that image (their definition of cool, not yours).
Electric Guitar
Playing the electric guitar is often considered the hip and cool thing to do when your a teenager, especially a young teen. If someone asks you "Do you play the guitar?" you can respond with "Oh.. yeaa..." which could potentially add some popularity points for you. Aside from that, it's a healthy expression of the soul and quite enjoyable too. This would make a good gift for anyone who is interested in music.
Ipod
I did feature this already for the girls category, but this is the time period in a young man's life that it's considered "cool" to have an Ipod. Besides, if they go out running for track, or biking for fun, an Ipod could be very useful!
Hit Video Games
You may want to check around for the latest video games that are considered smash hits. Often, you can just call up a local store and ask them "What is the latest and most popular game title for [insert your console system here]?" and they will respond with three to four titles for you to choose from. Remember, teenage boys love their action and bloodshed, so the more the merrier!
Laptop
This is the period in a teenager's life where it's important to have their own personal computers. In today's world, a laptop would suit them while they are constantly on the go. Also, at the same time whenever they go off to college they will already have a laptop so you won't have to buy them another one! I do recommend getting one that is capable of playing video games quite well, otherwise you may hear them complain about it.
Sports Gear
A lot of teenage boys are very active, but I'm pretty sure you know that already. They are always into some type of sports activity, and what better way to contribute is to get them some sports gear! The great thing about this is that it's usually pretty affordable too. Please note, be sure they are into sports to begin with, otherwise whatever you buy them may sit on the shelf for the next ten years.
Movies
This has always been a very successful and low costing method of getting gifts for people. Usually you can spend under $20 to get someone a movie they may like. A good rule of thumb is to keep track of the blockbuster hits, and you can by just going to an online movie retailer and sorting it by most rented or most viewed and that should give you an idea of which movie to buy (the most popular). Remember, you want to get him a cool movie.
Board & Card Games
Both board and card games both are very enjoyable as well as usually come with a cheap price tag. Since there are so many board and?card games, I'm going to show you only one of each to give you some ideas. These are great gift ideas to beef up your gift giving selection!
Gift Ideas for Teen Girls
Just like teen boys, teen girls are matt forte jersey
equally as difficult to buy for. This is where having several trustworthy friends (girls) come in handy, as well as doing a bit of research on the bestselling lists in regards to what teenage girls buy. Oh, and yes, teenage girls do play plenty of?video games?as well!?
Magazines
A lot of teenage girls read magazines, and there are plenty out there to pick from. Due to the competition of the internet and paper magazines, it's driven the printed magazine's price way down, and I mean, really far down. You can get a year subscription for next to nothing these days, and it's worth checking out.
Cell Phone
Yes, that's right! You know girls during their teen years are gossip and text-mongers! Your best bet is to get them a cell phone that comes with a slide keyboard, such as the Rumor or Rant. You know they will appreciate this gift, and you know that it will get a tremendous amount of use.
Girly Movies
I don't mean to label them like this, but it's the best way to quickly get the idea across! Usually teenage girls love movies about relationships and love, and getting them a couple for Christmas would be a great idea!
Diary
Girls love to talk, but they also love to write notes to each other, doodle, and write down secret crushes in their diaries. This is a great gift that I have no doubt will get some use.
Posters
You can't go wrong with posters, although if you get movie star posters I would suggest that you find out who her favorite crushes are concerning movie stars, you wouldn't want to get the wrong one!
Gift Cards
You know that females love their shopping, and getting them gift cards will make them dance around in glee as they consider what their going to spend their gift cards on. This is also great for those that just don't know what to get their kids, what a loophole!
Webcam
Teenagers love staying in touch, posting their newest images on their Facebook, and much more. A webcam can can do both of those, they can talk live with their friends, as well as take screenshots (images) and upload them to Facebook.
Makeup & Lotion
You know that being a woman you need to look pretty, ever thought of giving some gifts such as makeup or skin lotion? There is a lot of different products to choose from, so I listed the top two in regards to makeup and skin lotion. But, you get the idea.
Universal Gifts
You may want to consider getting some universal gifts, just in case you forget someone you can quickly wrap something up and give it to them. All the items here are gender and age neutral, so go wild!
Gift Cards
This is about as gender neutral as you can get! They decide what they want to buy, if it's a male they can go buy their share of gory movies, and if it's a gal they can go buy their favorite perfumes. Your not restricted to what you can buy!
Candy Gift Sets
Usually person loves candy, and there Roma jersey
are plenty of candy gift sets out there to fill anyone's tummy full of sweet goodness!
Video Players
These are gender neutral as well, since it's what goes on the inside is what determines who is
Your Fundraising Annual Appeal Letters Need A Villian
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one of the best emotions that you can arouse in a
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fundraisingright now would be premature.
Instead, a successful appeal letter would paint the hurricane as
the villain. Or point the finger at the flooding as the villain.
Your fundraising campaign can have a villain and still be
positive. The Red Cross, for example, is running a fundraising
campaign right now with this theme: Hope is Stronger than a
Hurricane. There's only one thing wrong with that theme. I
didn't think of it.
If you want to stir up one of the strongest human emotions to
your advantage, chose a villain that your donors can get angry
at. Then show how your non-profit organization can alleviate
that anger by eliminating (or, more realistically, weakenin letter offers donors a way to assuage their anger.
"Individuals are more prone to respond to a genuine feeling of
anger than to any other emotion," says Roland Kiniholm in his
book, Maximum walter payton jersey
Gifts by Return Mail.
To make your donors angry, you need a villain. Villains are
good. They help you focus your donors' attention on one problem
that needs fixing. That villain can be a person or a problem.
My advice is that you never name a particular person as your
villain, since doing so is not very charitable, excuse the pun.
Plus, you might get sued for defamation of character or slander.
Instead, you should attack the catastrophe that the villain has
created, or simply make the catastrophe the villain.
* Mothers Against Drunk Driving has a villain: drunk driving
(not drunken drivers)
* The Coalition Against Gun Violence has a villain: gun violence
(not gun owners)
* Oxfam has a villain: poverty (not the wealthy)
* Habitat for Humanity has a villain: unaffordable housing (not
landlords)
Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast of the United States last
week. The response by the US federal government to the plight of
tens of thousands of refugees stranded in New Orleans was so
slow that hundreds likely perished. For days, we saw the images
on our television screens of stranded citizens dying in New
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In your fundraising letter to raise funds for these hurricane
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could blame the plight of the displaced people on Federal
Emergency Managemen Roma shirt
t Agency director Michael Brown, who many are
saying is responsible for the delays that caused so many deaths.
Or you could blame the mayor of New Orleans. But these attacks
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g)
one of the best emotions that you can arouse in a
donor. Anger is a healthy emotion, particularly when your
fundraisingright now would be premature.
Instead, a successful appeal letter would paint the hurricane as
the villain. Or point the finger at the flooding as the villain.
Your fundraising campaign can have a villain and still be
positive. The Red Cross, for example, is running a fundraising
campaign right now with this theme: Hope is Stronger than a
Hurricane. There's only one thing wrong with that theme. I
didn't think of it.
If you want to stir up one of the strongest human emotions to
your advantage, chose a villain that your donors can get angry
at. Then show how your non-profit organization can alleviate
that anger by eliminating (or, more realistically, weakenin letter offers donors a way to assuage their anger.
"Individuals are more prone to respond to a genuine feeling of
anger than to any other emotion," says Roland Kiniholm in his
book, Maximum walter payton jersey
Gifts by Return Mail.
To make your donors angry, you need a villain. Villains are
good. They help you focus your donors' attention on one problem
that needs fixing. That villain can be a person or a problem.
My advice is that you never name a particular person as your
villain, since doing so is not very charitable, excuse the pun.
Plus, you might get sued for defamation of character or slander.
Instead, you should attack the catastrophe that the villain has
created, or simply make the catastrophe the villain.
* Mothers Against Drunk Driving has a villain: drunk driving
(not drunken drivers)
* The Coalition Against Gun Violence has a villain: gun violence
(not gun owners)
* Oxfam has a villain: poverty (not the wealthy)
* Habitat for Humanity has a villain: unaffordable housing (not
landlords)
Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast of the United States last
week. The response by the US federal government to the plight of
tens of thousands of refugees stranded in New Orleans was so
slow that hundreds likely perished. For days, we saw the images
on our television screens of stranded citizens dying in New
Orleans while help tarried.
In your fundraising letter to raise funds for these hurricane
victims, you could name President Bush as your villain. You
could blame the plight of the displaced people on Federal
Emergency Managemen Roma shirt
t Agency director Michael Brown, who many are
saying is responsible for the delays that caused so many deaths.
Or you could blame the mayor of New Orleans. But these attacks
would sound unkind. And painting any of these men as the villain
g)
3 Steps To Use Moroccan Oil On Your Skin
nfl: Exfoliate your skin using a dry skin brush and massage argan oil with sesame oil on your skin, this is how cheap nfl jerseys
you can use Moroccan oil. Moroccan oil, also called argan oil, is well known for its natural brush or barley powder mixed with argan oil. Exfoliating is a basic ritual and essential in all skincare routines because it removes the layers of dead skin and prepares your skin for the next steps. Exfoliate by dry brushing your skin. Or instead of a dry skin brush, you can also opt to use barley as an exfoliating scrub for your skin. Grind the barley first into fine powder and mix the powder with a drop or two of the argan oil you have. Apply this mixture on your face by gently scrubbing in circular motions. Step 3: Massage argan oil mixed with sesame oil on your skin. Argan oil is quite expensive if you use it walter payton captain jersey
by itself. You may combine a mixture of argan oil and sesame oil to your skin. Research shows that argan oil and sesame oil work together effectively in treating oily skin. In terms of blending sesame with argan oil, there isn't an explicit formula. The oil is ready to apply as soon as you've finished mixing all of the ingredients together. The absorbs the argan oil and leaves no greacy traces. Argan oil has so many positive effects; the way that it keeps skin healthy and makes us look beautiful really does make it a miracle substance. Necessary things to know are the way to use it and the additional ingredients you can combine with it to meet your skin requirements.
properties that are good for the skin. 80% of fatty acids are present in it, and it is also a rich source of Vitamin A and E. Argan oil can nourish your skin and improve its appearance if you use it correctly and in combination with other natural ingredients. Moreover, this natural oil is softer and harmless to the skin. Unlike commercial beautification items, it is bereft of hard and non-natural chemicals. This should be plenty of reason to think about using an argan oil skin care regimen daily. These are some guidelines for using Moroccan oil skin products. Step 1: Prepare argan oil, sesame oil and a dry skin brush or barley.For your Moroccan oil beauty treatment you will need argan oil, sesame oil and a dry skin brush or, if you prefer an exfoliating scrub, you can use barley that is ground to fine powder. Please do not buy low-quality oils. You should look for cosmetic grade argan oil. Cosmetic grade inter milan jersey
argan oil is unroasted which preserves the fatty acid content of the oil. You ought to search for the unrefined sesame oil,if you want it. This kind of sesame oil has very little odor and is light in color. Step 2: Exfoliate your skin using the dry skin
you can use Moroccan oil. Moroccan oil, also called argan oil, is well known for its natural brush or barley powder mixed with argan oil. Exfoliating is a basic ritual and essential in all skincare routines because it removes the layers of dead skin and prepares your skin for the next steps. Exfoliate by dry brushing your skin. Or instead of a dry skin brush, you can also opt to use barley as an exfoliating scrub for your skin. Grind the barley first into fine powder and mix the powder with a drop or two of the argan oil you have. Apply this mixture on your face by gently scrubbing in circular motions. Step 3: Massage argan oil mixed with sesame oil on your skin. Argan oil is quite expensive if you use it walter payton captain jersey
by itself. You may combine a mixture of argan oil and sesame oil to your skin. Research shows that argan oil and sesame oil work together effectively in treating oily skin. In terms of blending sesame with argan oil, there isn't an explicit formula. The oil is ready to apply as soon as you've finished mixing all of the ingredients together. The absorbs the argan oil and leaves no greacy traces. Argan oil has so many positive effects; the way that it keeps skin healthy and makes us look beautiful really does make it a miracle substance. Necessary things to know are the way to use it and the additional ingredients you can combine with it to meet your skin requirements.
properties that are good for the skin. 80% of fatty acids are present in it, and it is also a rich source of Vitamin A and E. Argan oil can nourish your skin and improve its appearance if you use it correctly and in combination with other natural ingredients. Moreover, this natural oil is softer and harmless to the skin. Unlike commercial beautification items, it is bereft of hard and non-natural chemicals. This should be plenty of reason to think about using an argan oil skin care regimen daily. These are some guidelines for using Moroccan oil skin products. Step 1: Prepare argan oil, sesame oil and a dry skin brush or barley.For your Moroccan oil beauty treatment you will need argan oil, sesame oil and a dry skin brush or, if you prefer an exfoliating scrub, you can use barley that is ground to fine powder. Please do not buy low-quality oils. You should look for cosmetic grade argan oil. Cosmetic grade inter milan jersey
argan oil is unroasted which preserves the fatty acid content of the oil. You ought to search for the unrefined sesame oil,if you want it. This kind of sesame oil has very little odor and is light in color. Step 2: Exfoliate your skin using the dry skin
General Symptoms Of Lyme Disease You Need To Know
nfl: If you know you've been bitten by a tick, watch for symptoms such as a red rash, chills and fever, joint cheap nfl jerseys
pains and neurological problems because such could all be indicative of Lyme disease. Lyme disease begin to experience muscle and joint discomfort. If not immediately treated, chronic arthritis can result as joints becoming increasingly painful as time passes. When you start feeling these pains weeks after a tick bite, consult your doctor to avoid further complications. Be mindful of neurological symptoms If Lyme Disease isn't treated in its early stages, neurological symptoms may appear. Stiff neck, numbness in arms and legs, poor focus, loss of memory, even facial nerve paralysis are some of the symptoms you have to look for. In the later stage of Lyme disease fainting and heart problems occur in addition to other previously mentioned neurological symptoms. Whether it's days, o walter payton jersey
r weeks, after you've been bitten by a tick, if you have any type of uncomfortable feeling and/or pain don't hesitate to get in touch with your doctor. Go for a check up and diagnosis even without the red rash and other symptoms that usually indicate Lyme disease so you can immediately obtain proper treatment. Please note that different people may experience Lyme disease differently and might not exhibit all of these symptoms. Others show a few symptoms, while some patients with other existing diseases show more symptoms of Lyme disease. Jaw pain, sore throat, inflammation of the eye, ear infection and liver problems are some of the other symptoms that you can expect.
comes from a tick bite that might result in disabilities and problems such as chronic arthritis, permanent joint discomfort, meningitis, an inflamed abnormal heart, memory issues, as well as a lot of additional bad side effects. While Lyme disease isn't fatal, it can have a big impact on your life. Lyme disease systems followed by a tick bite can lead to dangerous health problems. Keep an eye out for a reddish rash or influenza-like symptoms Once bitten by a tick that carries Lyme disease, you may experience a rash at the site of the bite. Shortly thereafter, you could experience flu-like symptoms that include chills, fever, headache, and pain in the joints and muscles. You will likely experience a rash and symptoms of the flu for an extended period of time. If you start to see signs of a problem, call your doctor right way. When treated at an early stage, Lyme disease can usually be cured with antibiotics presc inter milan shirt
ribed by your doctor. Notice if you have irritating pain in your joints There are some people who don't feel the beginning symptoms of Lyme disease. You might not notice that the infection inside you is becoming worse when you作者:
时间:
pains and neurological problems because such could all be indicative of Lyme disease. Lyme disease begin to experience muscle and joint discomfort. If not immediately treated, chronic arthritis can result as joints becoming increasingly painful as time passes. When you start feeling these pains weeks after a tick bite, consult your doctor to avoid further complications. Be mindful of neurological symptoms If Lyme Disease isn't treated in its early stages, neurological symptoms may appear. Stiff neck, numbness in arms and legs, poor focus, loss of memory, even facial nerve paralysis are some of the symptoms you have to look for. In the later stage of Lyme disease fainting and heart problems occur in addition to other previously mentioned neurological symptoms. Whether it's days, o walter payton jersey
r weeks, after you've been bitten by a tick, if you have any type of uncomfortable feeling and/or pain don't hesitate to get in touch with your doctor. Go for a check up and diagnosis even without the red rash and other symptoms that usually indicate Lyme disease so you can immediately obtain proper treatment. Please note that different people may experience Lyme disease differently and might not exhibit all of these symptoms. Others show a few symptoms, while some patients with other existing diseases show more symptoms of Lyme disease. Jaw pain, sore throat, inflammation of the eye, ear infection and liver problems are some of the other symptoms that you can expect.
comes from a tick bite that might result in disabilities and problems such as chronic arthritis, permanent joint discomfort, meningitis, an inflamed abnormal heart, memory issues, as well as a lot of additional bad side effects. While Lyme disease isn't fatal, it can have a big impact on your life. Lyme disease systems followed by a tick bite can lead to dangerous health problems. Keep an eye out for a reddish rash or influenza-like symptoms Once bitten by a tick that carries Lyme disease, you may experience a rash at the site of the bite. Shortly thereafter, you could experience flu-like symptoms that include chills, fever, headache, and pain in the joints and muscles. You will likely experience a rash and symptoms of the flu for an extended period of time. If you start to see signs of a problem, call your doctor right way. When treated at an early stage, Lyme disease can usually be cured with antibiotics presc inter milan shirt
ribed by your doctor. Notice if you have irritating pain in your joints There are some people who don't feel the beginning symptoms of Lyme disease. You might not notice that the infection inside you is becoming worse when you作者:
时间:
Nanotechnology: Giving a New Dimension to Food Industry
nfl: Nanotechnology: cheap nfl jerseys
Giving a new dimension to Food IndustrA derivative of chemistry, engineering, and physics, and micro fabrication techniques, nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale level. It is responsible for determining not only that biological and nonbiological structures measuring less than 100 nm exist but also Rhim, J.W. 2004. Increase in water vapor barrier property of biopolymer-based edible films and coatings by compositing with lipid materials. Food Sci. Biotech. 13:528-535.Riley, T., Govender, T., Stolnik, S., Xiong, C.D., Garnett, M.C., Illum, L., and Davis, S.S. 1999. Colloidal stability and drug incorporation aspects of micellar-like PLA-PEG nanoparticles. Colloids Surf., B 16: 147-159.Ritzoulis, C., Scoutaris, N., Papademetriou, K., Stavroulias, S. and, Panayiotou, C. 2005. Milk protein-based emulsion gels for bone tissue engineering. Food Hydrocolloids 19: 575-581.
that they have unique and novel functional applications. In fact, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI, 2006) defines nanotechnology as “the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.” Because applications with structural features on the nanoscale level have physical, chemical, and biological properties that are substantially different from their macroscopic counterparts, nanotechnology can be beneficial on various levels. Research in biology, chemistry, engineering, and physics drives the development and exploration of the nanotechnology field. Consequently, certain industries such as microelectronics, aerospace, and pharmaceuticals have already begun manufacturing commercial products of nanoscale size. Even though the food industry is just beginning to explore its applications, nanotechnology exhibits great potential. Food undergoes a variety of postharvest and processing-induced modifications that affect its biological and biochemical makeup, so nanotechnology developments in the fields of biology and biochemistry could eventually also influence the food industry. Ideally, systems with structural features in the nanometer length range could affect aspects from food safety to molecular synthesis.Potential Food Applications:All organisms represent a consolidation of various nanoscale-size objects. Atoms and molecules combine to form dynamic structures and systems that are the building blocks of every organism’s existence. For humans, cell membranes, hormones, and DNA are examples of vital structures that measure in the nanometer range. In fact, every living organism on earth exists because of the presence and interaction of various nanostructures. Even food molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the results of nanoscale- level mergers between
sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. As it applies to the food industry, nanotechnology involves using biological molecules such as sugars or proteins as target-recognition groups for nanostructures that could be used, for example, as biosensors on foods. Such biosensors could serve as detectors of food pathogens and other contaminants and as devices to track food products. Nanotechnology may also be useful in encapsulation systems for protection against environmental factors. In addition, it can be used in the design of food ingredients such as flavors and antioxidants. The goal is to improve the functionality of such ingredients while minimizing their concentration. As the infusion of novel ingredients into foods gains popularity, greater exploration of delivery and controlled-release systems for nutraceuticals will occur. Although nanotechnology can potentially be useful in all areas of food production and processing, many of the methods are either too expensive or too impractical to implement on a commercial scale. For this reason, nanoscale techniques are most cost-effective in the following areas of the food industry: development of new functional materials, food formulations, food processing at microscale and nanoscale levels, product development, and storage.Nanodispersions and Nanocapsules:As the fundamental components of foods, functional ingredients such as vitamins, antimicrobials, antioxidants, flavorings, and preservatives come in various molecular and physical forms. Because they are rarely used in their purest julius peppers jersey
form, functional ingredients are usually part of a delivery system. A delivery system has numerous functions, only one of which is to transport a functional ingredient to its desired site. Besides being compatible with food product attributes such as taste, texture, and shelf life, other functions of a delivery system include protecting an ingredient from chemical or biological degradation, such as oxidation, and controlling the functional ingredient’s rate of release under specific environmental conditions. Because they can effectively perform all these tasks, nanodispersions and nanocapsules are ideal mechanisms for delivery of functional ingredients. These types of nanostructures include association colloids, nanoemulsions, and biopolymeric nanoparticles.§ Association Colloids: Surfactant micelles, vesicles, bilayers, reverse micelles, and liquid crystals are all examples of association colloids. A colloid is a stable system of a substance containing small particles dispersed throughout. An association colloid is a colloid whose particles are made up of even smaller molecules. Used for many years to deliver polar, nonpolar, and amphiphilic functional ingredients (Golding and Sein, 2004; Garti et al., 2004, 2005; Flanagan and Singh, 2006), association colloids range in size from 5 nm to 100 nm and are usually transparent solutions. The major disadvantages to association colloids are that they may compromise the flavor of the ingredients and can spontaneously dissociate if diluted.§ Nanoemulsions: An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids (such as oil and water) that do not easily combine. Therefore, a nanoemulsion is an emulsion in which the diameters of the dispersed droplets measure 500 nm or less. Nanoemulsions can encapsulate functional ingredients within their droplets, which can facilitate a reduction in chemical degradation (McClements and Decker, 2000). In fact, different types of nanoemulsions with more-complex properties— such as nanostructured multiple emulsions or nanostructured multilayer emulsions—offer multiple encapsulating abilities from a single delivery system that can carry several functional components. In structures such as these, a functional component encased within one component of a multiple emulsion system could be released in response to a specific environmental trigger§ Biopolymeric Nanoparticles:Food-grade biopolymers such as proteins or polysaccharides can be used to produce nanometer-sized particles (Chang and Chen, 2005; Gupta and Gupta, 2005; Ritzoulis et al., 2005). Using aggregative (net attraction) or segregative (net repulsion) interactions, a single biopolymer separates into smaller nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can then be used to encapsulate functional ingredients and release them in response to distinct environmental triggers. One of the most common components of many biodegradable biopolymeric nanoparticles is polylactic acid (PLA). Widely available from a number of manufacturers, PLA is often used to encapsulate and deliver drugs, vaccines, and proteins, but it has limitations: it is quickly removed from the bloodstream, remaining isolated in the liver and kidneys. Because its purpose as a nanoparticle is to deliver active components to other areas of the body, PLA needs an associative compound such as polyethylene glycol to be successful in this regard (Riley et al., 1999).Nanolaminates: Besides nanodispersions and nanocapsules, another nanoscale technique is commercially viable for the food industry: nanolaminates. Consisting of two or more layers of material with nanometer dimensions, a nanolaminate is an extremely thin food-grade film (1–100 nm/ layer) that has physically bonded or chemically bonded dimensions. Because of its advantages in the preparation of edible films, a nanolaminate has a number of important food-industry applications. Edible films are present on a wide variety of foods: fruits, vegetables, meats, chocolate, candies, baked goods, and French fries (Morillon, 2002; Cagri et al., 2004; Cha and Chinnan, 2004; Rhim, 2004). Such films protect foods from moisture, lipids, and gases, or they can improve the textural properties of foods and serve as carriers of colors, flavors, antioxidants, nutrients, and antimicrobials. Currently, edible nanolaminates are constructed from polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. Although polysaccharide- and protein-based films are good barriers against oxygen and carbon dioxide, they are poor at protecting against moisture. On the other hand, lipid-based nanolaminates are good at protecting food from moisture, but they offer limited resistance to gases and have poor mechanical strength (Park, 1999). Because neither polysaccharides, proteins, nor lipids provide all of the desired properties in an edible coating, researchers are trying to identify additives that can improve them, such as polyols. For now, coating foods with nanolaminates involves either dipping them into a series of solutions containing substances that would adsorb to a food’s surface or spraying substances onto the food surface (McClements et al., 2005). While there are various methods that can cause adsorption, it is commonly a result of an electrostatic attraction between substances that have opposite charges. The degree of a substance’s adsorption depends on the nature of the food’s surface as well as the nature of the adsorbing substance. Different adsorbing substances can constitute different layers of a nanolaminate; examples are polyelectrolytes (proteins and polysaccharides), charged lipids, and colloidal particles. Consequently, different nanolaminates could include various functional agents such as antimicrobials, anti-browning agents, antioxidants, enzymes, flavors, and colors.Nanofibers and Nanotubes:Two applications of nanotechnology that are in the early stages of having an impact on the food industry are nanofibers and nanotubes. Because nanofibers are usually not composed of food-grade substances, nanofibers have only a few potential applications in the food industry. Produced by a manufacturing technique using electrostatic force, nanofibers have small diameters ranging in size from 10 nm to 1,000 nm, which makes them ideal for serving as a platform for bacterial cultures. In addition, nanofibers could also serve as the structural matrix for artificial foods and environmentally friendly food-packaging material. As advances continue in the area of producing nanofibers from food-grade materials, their use will likely increase. As with nanofibers, the use of nanotubes has predominantly been for non-food applications. Carbon nanotubes are popularly used as low resistance conductors and catalytic reaction vessels. Under appropriate environmental conditions, however, certain globular milk proteins can self-assemble into similarly structured nanotubes (Graveland- Bikker and de Kruif, 2005, 2006; Graveland-Bikker et al., 2006a, b).Regulations:In India, the nanotechnology is at nascent stage and there does not exist any regulation for its application in food industry. Similarly in the United States, no special regulations exist for the use of nanotechnology in the food industry. In contrast, the European Union has recommended special regulations that have yet to be accepted and enforced. The Food and Drug Administration says that it regulates “products, not technologies.”Nevertheless, FDA expects that many products of nanotechnology will come under the jurisdiction of many of its centers; thus, the Office of Combination Products will likely absorb any relevant responsibilities. Because FDA regulates on a product- by-product basis, it emphasizes that many products that are already under regulation contain particles in the nanoscale range. Accordingly, “particle size is not the issue,” and any new materials will be subjected to the customary battery of safety tests. The Institute of Food Science and Technology, a United Kingdom–based independent professional body for food scientists and technologists, has a different view of nanotechnology. In its report (IFST, 2006), the organization says that size matters and recommends that nanoparticles be treated as potentially harmful until testing proves otherwise. Still it is the European Commission’s intention to apply existing food laws to food products using nanotechnology. Consequently, the European Commission says that the technology will likely require some modification for it to adhere to existing laws. Commissioned by the UK to assess the potential effects of nanotechnology, the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering recommend indicating nanoparticles in the lists of ingredients. The UK government agrees that the inclusion of nanoparticles on ingredient labels is necessary for consumers to make informed decisions; thus, updated ingredient labeling requirements will be necessary. The UK government plans to consult with its EU partners to determine whether IFST’s recommendation to scrutinize nanoparticle ingredients for safety is valid.Conclusion:As developments in nanotechnology continue to emerge, its applicability to the food industry is sure to increase. The success of these advancements will be dependent on consumer acceptance and the exploration of regulatory issues. Food producers and manufacturers could make great strides in food safety by using nanotechnology, and consumers would reap benefits as well. More than 200 companies are conducting research in nanotechnology and its application to food products (IFST, 2006), and as more of its functionalities become evident, the level of interest is certain to increase.Cagri, A., Ustunol, Z., and Ryser, E.T. 2004. Antimicrobial edible films and coatings.J. Food Protect. 67:Cha, D.S. and Chinnan, M.S. 2004. Biopolymer-based antimicrobial packaging: Review. Crit. Rev.Chang, Y.C. and Chen, D.G.H. 2005 Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of acid dyes on a carboxymethylated chitosan- conjugated magnetic nano-adsorbent. Macromol. Biosci. 5:Charych, D., Cheng, Q., Reichert, A., Kuziemko, G., Stroh, N., Nagy, J., Spevak, W., and Stevens, R. 1996. A ‘litmus test’ for molecular recognition using artificial membranes. Chem. Biol. 3: 113.Chen, H., Weiss, J., and Shahidi, F. 2006. Nanotechnology in nutraceuticals and functional foods. Food Technol. 60(3): 30-36.Flanagan, J. and Singh, H. 2006. Microemulsions: A potential delivery system for bioactives in food. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 46: Garti, N., Shevachman, M., and Shani, A. 2004. Solubilization of lycopene in jojoba oil microemulsion. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 81: 873-877.Garti, N., Spernath, A., Aserin, A., and Lutz, R. 2005. Nano-sized self-assemblies of nonionic surfactants as solubilization reservoirs and microreactors for food systems. Soft Matter 1: 206-218.Golding, M. and Sein, A. 2004. Surface rheology of aqueous casein-monoglyceride dispersions. Food Hydrocoll. 18: 451-461.Graveland-Bikker, J. and de Kruif, C. 2005. Self-assembly of hydrolysed?-lactalbumin into nanotubes. FEBS J.272 (Suppl 1): 550.Graveland-Bikker, J.F. and de Kruif, C.G. 2006. Unique milk protein-based nanotubes: Food and nanotechnology meet. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 17: 196-203.
Graveland-Bikker, J.F., Fritz, G., and Glatter, O. 2006a. Growth and structure of ?-lactalbumin nanotubes. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 39: 180-184.Graveland-Bikker, J.F., Schaap, I.A.T., Schmidt, C.F., and de Kruif, C.G. 2006b. Structural and mechanical study of a self assembling protein nanotube. Nano Lett. 6: 616-621.
Gupta, A.K. and Gupta, M. 2005. Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 26: 3995 -4021.
Haruyama, T. 2003. Micro- and nanobiotechnology for biosensing cellularresponses. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 55: 393-401.
IFST. 2006. Nanotechnology information statement. Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST) Trust Fund, London, UK. www.ifst.org/nano.pdf.Imafidon, G.I. and Spanier, A.M. 1994.Unraveling the secret of meat flavor. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 5: 315-321.Lawrence, M.J. and Rees, G.D. 2000.Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 45: 89-121.McClements, D.J. and Decker, E.A. 2000. Lipid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions: Impact of molecular environment on chemical reactions in heterogeneous food systems. J. Food Sci. 65: 1270-1282.McClements, D.J., Decker, E.A., and Weiss, J., inventors; University of Massachusetts, assignee. 2005. UMA 05-27: Novel procedure for creating nanolaminated edible films and coatings, U.S. patent application. Morillon, V., Debeaufort, ac milan shirt
F., Blond, G., Capelle, M., and Voilley, A. 2002. Factors affecting the moisture permeability of lipid-based edible films: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 42: 67-89.
Park, H.J. 1999. Development of advanced edible coatings for fruits. Trends Food Sci.Technol. 10:
Giving a new dimension to Food IndustrA derivative of chemistry, engineering, and physics, and micro fabrication techniques, nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale level. It is responsible for determining not only that biological and nonbiological structures measuring less than 100 nm exist but also Rhim, J.W. 2004. Increase in water vapor barrier property of biopolymer-based edible films and coatings by compositing with lipid materials. Food Sci. Biotech. 13:528-535.Riley, T., Govender, T., Stolnik, S., Xiong, C.D., Garnett, M.C., Illum, L., and Davis, S.S. 1999. Colloidal stability and drug incorporation aspects of micellar-like PLA-PEG nanoparticles. Colloids Surf., B 16: 147-159.Ritzoulis, C., Scoutaris, N., Papademetriou, K., Stavroulias, S. and, Panayiotou, C. 2005. Milk protein-based emulsion gels for bone tissue engineering. Food Hydrocolloids 19: 575-581.
that they have unique and novel functional applications. In fact, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI, 2006) defines nanotechnology as “the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.” Because applications with structural features on the nanoscale level have physical, chemical, and biological properties that are substantially different from their macroscopic counterparts, nanotechnology can be beneficial on various levels. Research in biology, chemistry, engineering, and physics drives the development and exploration of the nanotechnology field. Consequently, certain industries such as microelectronics, aerospace, and pharmaceuticals have already begun manufacturing commercial products of nanoscale size. Even though the food industry is just beginning to explore its applications, nanotechnology exhibits great potential. Food undergoes a variety of postharvest and processing-induced modifications that affect its biological and biochemical makeup, so nanotechnology developments in the fields of biology and biochemistry could eventually also influence the food industry. Ideally, systems with structural features in the nanometer length range could affect aspects from food safety to molecular synthesis.Potential Food Applications:All organisms represent a consolidation of various nanoscale-size objects. Atoms and molecules combine to form dynamic structures and systems that are the building blocks of every organism’s existence. For humans, cell membranes, hormones, and DNA are examples of vital structures that measure in the nanometer range. In fact, every living organism on earth exists because of the presence and interaction of various nanostructures. Even food molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the results of nanoscale- level mergers between
sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. As it applies to the food industry, nanotechnology involves using biological molecules such as sugars or proteins as target-recognition groups for nanostructures that could be used, for example, as biosensors on foods. Such biosensors could serve as detectors of food pathogens and other contaminants and as devices to track food products. Nanotechnology may also be useful in encapsulation systems for protection against environmental factors. In addition, it can be used in the design of food ingredients such as flavors and antioxidants. The goal is to improve the functionality of such ingredients while minimizing their concentration. As the infusion of novel ingredients into foods gains popularity, greater exploration of delivery and controlled-release systems for nutraceuticals will occur. Although nanotechnology can potentially be useful in all areas of food production and processing, many of the methods are either too expensive or too impractical to implement on a commercial scale. For this reason, nanoscale techniques are most cost-effective in the following areas of the food industry: development of new functional materials, food formulations, food processing at microscale and nanoscale levels, product development, and storage.Nanodispersions and Nanocapsules:As the fundamental components of foods, functional ingredients such as vitamins, antimicrobials, antioxidants, flavorings, and preservatives come in various molecular and physical forms. Because they are rarely used in their purest julius peppers jersey
form, functional ingredients are usually part of a delivery system. A delivery system has numerous functions, only one of which is to transport a functional ingredient to its desired site. Besides being compatible with food product attributes such as taste, texture, and shelf life, other functions of a delivery system include protecting an ingredient from chemical or biological degradation, such as oxidation, and controlling the functional ingredient’s rate of release under specific environmental conditions. Because they can effectively perform all these tasks, nanodispersions and nanocapsules are ideal mechanisms for delivery of functional ingredients. These types of nanostructures include association colloids, nanoemulsions, and biopolymeric nanoparticles.§ Association Colloids: Surfactant micelles, vesicles, bilayers, reverse micelles, and liquid crystals are all examples of association colloids. A colloid is a stable system of a substance containing small particles dispersed throughout. An association colloid is a colloid whose particles are made up of even smaller molecules. Used for many years to deliver polar, nonpolar, and amphiphilic functional ingredients (Golding and Sein, 2004; Garti et al., 2004, 2005; Flanagan and Singh, 2006), association colloids range in size from 5 nm to 100 nm and are usually transparent solutions. The major disadvantages to association colloids are that they may compromise the flavor of the ingredients and can spontaneously dissociate if diluted.§ Nanoemulsions: An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids (such as oil and water) that do not easily combine. Therefore, a nanoemulsion is an emulsion in which the diameters of the dispersed droplets measure 500 nm or less. Nanoemulsions can encapsulate functional ingredients within their droplets, which can facilitate a reduction in chemical degradation (McClements and Decker, 2000). In fact, different types of nanoemulsions with more-complex properties— such as nanostructured multiple emulsions or nanostructured multilayer emulsions—offer multiple encapsulating abilities from a single delivery system that can carry several functional components. In structures such as these, a functional component encased within one component of a multiple emulsion system could be released in response to a specific environmental trigger§ Biopolymeric Nanoparticles:Food-grade biopolymers such as proteins or polysaccharides can be used to produce nanometer-sized particles (Chang and Chen, 2005; Gupta and Gupta, 2005; Ritzoulis et al., 2005). Using aggregative (net attraction) or segregative (net repulsion) interactions, a single biopolymer separates into smaller nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can then be used to encapsulate functional ingredients and release them in response to distinct environmental triggers. One of the most common components of many biodegradable biopolymeric nanoparticles is polylactic acid (PLA). Widely available from a number of manufacturers, PLA is often used to encapsulate and deliver drugs, vaccines, and proteins, but it has limitations: it is quickly removed from the bloodstream, remaining isolated in the liver and kidneys. Because its purpose as a nanoparticle is to deliver active components to other areas of the body, PLA needs an associative compound such as polyethylene glycol to be successful in this regard (Riley et al., 1999).Nanolaminates: Besides nanodispersions and nanocapsules, another nanoscale technique is commercially viable for the food industry: nanolaminates. Consisting of two or more layers of material with nanometer dimensions, a nanolaminate is an extremely thin food-grade film (1–100 nm/ layer) that has physically bonded or chemically bonded dimensions. Because of its advantages in the preparation of edible films, a nanolaminate has a number of important food-industry applications. Edible films are present on a wide variety of foods: fruits, vegetables, meats, chocolate, candies, baked goods, and French fries (Morillon, 2002; Cagri et al., 2004; Cha and Chinnan, 2004; Rhim, 2004). Such films protect foods from moisture, lipids, and gases, or they can improve the textural properties of foods and serve as carriers of colors, flavors, antioxidants, nutrients, and antimicrobials. Currently, edible nanolaminates are constructed from polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. Although polysaccharide- and protein-based films are good barriers against oxygen and carbon dioxide, they are poor at protecting against moisture. On the other hand, lipid-based nanolaminates are good at protecting food from moisture, but they offer limited resistance to gases and have poor mechanical strength (Park, 1999). Because neither polysaccharides, proteins, nor lipids provide all of the desired properties in an edible coating, researchers are trying to identify additives that can improve them, such as polyols. For now, coating foods with nanolaminates involves either dipping them into a series of solutions containing substances that would adsorb to a food’s surface or spraying substances onto the food surface (McClements et al., 2005). While there are various methods that can cause adsorption, it is commonly a result of an electrostatic attraction between substances that have opposite charges. The degree of a substance’s adsorption depends on the nature of the food’s surface as well as the nature of the adsorbing substance. Different adsorbing substances can constitute different layers of a nanolaminate; examples are polyelectrolytes (proteins and polysaccharides), charged lipids, and colloidal particles. Consequently, different nanolaminates could include various functional agents such as antimicrobials, anti-browning agents, antioxidants, enzymes, flavors, and colors.Nanofibers and Nanotubes:Two applications of nanotechnology that are in the early stages of having an impact on the food industry are nanofibers and nanotubes. Because nanofibers are usually not composed of food-grade substances, nanofibers have only a few potential applications in the food industry. Produced by a manufacturing technique using electrostatic force, nanofibers have small diameters ranging in size from 10 nm to 1,000 nm, which makes them ideal for serving as a platform for bacterial cultures. In addition, nanofibers could also serve as the structural matrix for artificial foods and environmentally friendly food-packaging material. As advances continue in the area of producing nanofibers from food-grade materials, their use will likely increase. As with nanofibers, the use of nanotubes has predominantly been for non-food applications. Carbon nanotubes are popularly used as low resistance conductors and catalytic reaction vessels. Under appropriate environmental conditions, however, certain globular milk proteins can self-assemble into similarly structured nanotubes (Graveland- Bikker and de Kruif, 2005, 2006; Graveland-Bikker et al., 2006a, b).Regulations:In India, the nanotechnology is at nascent stage and there does not exist any regulation for its application in food industry. Similarly in the United States, no special regulations exist for the use of nanotechnology in the food industry. In contrast, the European Union has recommended special regulations that have yet to be accepted and enforced. The Food and Drug Administration says that it regulates “products, not technologies.”Nevertheless, FDA expects that many products of nanotechnology will come under the jurisdiction of many of its centers; thus, the Office of Combination Products will likely absorb any relevant responsibilities. Because FDA regulates on a product- by-product basis, it emphasizes that many products that are already under regulation contain particles in the nanoscale range. Accordingly, “particle size is not the issue,” and any new materials will be subjected to the customary battery of safety tests. The Institute of Food Science and Technology, a United Kingdom–based independent professional body for food scientists and technologists, has a different view of nanotechnology. In its report (IFST, 2006), the organization says that size matters and recommends that nanoparticles be treated as potentially harmful until testing proves otherwise. Still it is the European Commission’s intention to apply existing food laws to food products using nanotechnology. Consequently, the European Commission says that the technology will likely require some modification for it to adhere to existing laws. Commissioned by the UK to assess the potential effects of nanotechnology, the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering recommend indicating nanoparticles in the lists of ingredients. The UK government agrees that the inclusion of nanoparticles on ingredient labels is necessary for consumers to make informed decisions; thus, updated ingredient labeling requirements will be necessary. The UK government plans to consult with its EU partners to determine whether IFST’s recommendation to scrutinize nanoparticle ingredients for safety is valid.Conclusion:As developments in nanotechnology continue to emerge, its applicability to the food industry is sure to increase. The success of these advancements will be dependent on consumer acceptance and the exploration of regulatory issues. Food producers and manufacturers could make great strides in food safety by using nanotechnology, and consumers would reap benefits as well. More than 200 companies are conducting research in nanotechnology and its application to food products (IFST, 2006), and as more of its functionalities become evident, the level of interest is certain to increase.Cagri, A., Ustunol, Z., and Ryser, E.T. 2004. Antimicrobial edible films and coatings.J. Food Protect. 67:Cha, D.S. and Chinnan, M.S. 2004. Biopolymer-based antimicrobial packaging: Review. Crit. Rev.Chang, Y.C. and Chen, D.G.H. 2005 Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of acid dyes on a carboxymethylated chitosan- conjugated magnetic nano-adsorbent. Macromol. Biosci. 5:Charych, D., Cheng, Q., Reichert, A., Kuziemko, G., Stroh, N., Nagy, J., Spevak, W., and Stevens, R. 1996. A ‘litmus test’ for molecular recognition using artificial membranes. Chem. Biol. 3: 113.Chen, H., Weiss, J., and Shahidi, F. 2006. Nanotechnology in nutraceuticals and functional foods. Food Technol. 60(3): 30-36.Flanagan, J. and Singh, H. 2006. Microemulsions: A potential delivery system for bioactives in food. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 46: Garti, N., Shevachman, M., and Shani, A. 2004. Solubilization of lycopene in jojoba oil microemulsion. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 81: 873-877.Garti, N., Spernath, A., Aserin, A., and Lutz, R. 2005. Nano-sized self-assemblies of nonionic surfactants as solubilization reservoirs and microreactors for food systems. Soft Matter 1: 206-218.Golding, M. and Sein, A. 2004. Surface rheology of aqueous casein-monoglyceride dispersions. Food Hydrocoll. 18: 451-461.Graveland-Bikker, J. and de Kruif, C. 2005. Self-assembly of hydrolysed?-lactalbumin into nanotubes. FEBS J.272 (Suppl 1): 550.Graveland-Bikker, J.F. and de Kruif, C.G. 2006. Unique milk protein-based nanotubes: Food and nanotechnology meet. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 17: 196-203.
Graveland-Bikker, J.F., Fritz, G., and Glatter, O. 2006a. Growth and structure of ?-lactalbumin nanotubes. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 39: 180-184.Graveland-Bikker, J.F., Schaap, I.A.T., Schmidt, C.F., and de Kruif, C.G. 2006b. Structural and mechanical study of a self assembling protein nanotube. Nano Lett. 6: 616-621.
Gupta, A.K. and Gupta, M. 2005. Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 26: 3995 -4021.
Haruyama, T. 2003. Micro- and nanobiotechnology for biosensing cellularresponses. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 55: 393-401.
IFST. 2006. Nanotechnology information statement. Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST) Trust Fund, London, UK. www.ifst.org/nano.pdf.Imafidon, G.I. and Spanier, A.M. 1994.Unraveling the secret of meat flavor. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 5: 315-321.Lawrence, M.J. and Rees, G.D. 2000.Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 45: 89-121.McClements, D.J. and Decker, E.A. 2000. Lipid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions: Impact of molecular environment on chemical reactions in heterogeneous food systems. J. Food Sci. 65: 1270-1282.McClements, D.J., Decker, E.A., and Weiss, J., inventors; University of Massachusetts, assignee. 2005. UMA 05-27: Novel procedure for creating nanolaminated edible films and coatings, U.S. patent application. Morillon, V., Debeaufort, ac milan shirt
F., Blond, G., Capelle, M., and Voilley, A. 2002. Factors affecting the moisture permeability of lipid-based edible films: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 42: 67-89.
Park, H.J. 1999. Development of advanced edible coatings for fruits. Trends Food Sci.Technol. 10:
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